SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques
By A. Chandrashekar, Jinyan Liu, Amanda J. Martinot, K. McMahan, N. Mercado, Lauren Peter, Lisa H. Tostanoski, Jingyou Yu, Z. Maliga, M. Nekorchuk and 43 more. Science, 2020
813 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Immunity from reinfection One of the many open questions about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is whether an individual who has cleared the virus can be infected a second time and get sick. Chandrashekar et al. and Deng et al. generated rhesus macaque models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested whether natural SARS-CoV-2 infection could result in immunity to viral rechallenge. They found that animals indeed developed immune responses that protected against a second infection. Although there are differences between SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques and in humans, these findings have key implications for public health and economic initiatives if validated in human studies. Science, this issue p. 812, p. 818 SARS-CoV-2 infection was able to induce robust protective immunity against reexposure to virus in nonhuman primates. An understanding of protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A key unanswered question is whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in protective immunity against reexposure. We developed a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and observed that macaques had high viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract, humoral and cellular immune responses, and pathologic evidence of viral pneumonia. After the initial viral clearance, animals were rechallenged with SARS-CoV-2 and showed 5 log10 reductions in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa compared with after the primary infection. Anamnestic immune responses after rechallenge suggested that protection was mediated by immunologic control. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced protective immunity against reexposure in nonhuman primates.
Subfields: Infectious Diseases, Neurology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/806f194d1d00f6634390462bab4afe8ec384407f
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Citations in the corpus
- Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis (2020, neutral): “, IFN- γ) responses did not correlate with immune protection from DNA vaccines with different components of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein [126,134].”
- Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021, positive): “Animals infected with SARSCoV-2 were protected from a high dose re-challenge with SARS-CoV-2 1 month later, and protection was associated with neutralizing antibodies (Chandrashekar et al., 2020; Deng et al., 2020).”
- Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity (2020, positive): “Neutralizing antibody titers were associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primate infection and rechallenge studies (Chandrashekar et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2020), as well as in three candidate COVID-19 vaccine studies in non-human primates (Gao et al.”
- COVID-19 re-infection by a phylogenetically distinct SARS-coronavirus-2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing (2020, background): “In rhesus macaques that have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection and re-challenged with the same virus, the peak viral load during re-challenge was >5 log10 lower in the BAL but only ~2 log10 lower in the nasal swab when compared with those during the first challenge [25].”