Bilateral Orbital Prefrontal Cortex Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys Disrupt Choices Guided by Both Reward Value and Reward Contingency

By A. Izquierdo, Robin K. Suda, Elisabeth A. Murray. Journal of Neuroscience, 2004

595 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The orbital prefrontal cortex (PFo) operates as part of a network involved in reward-based learning and goal-directed behavior. To test whether the PFo is necessary for guiding behavior based on the value of expected reward outcomes, we compared four rhesus monkeys with two-stage bilateral PFo removals and six unoperated controls for their responses to reinforcer devaluation, a task that assesses the monkeys' abilities to alter choices of objects when the value of the underlying food has changed. For comparison, the same monkeys were tested on a standard test of flexible stimulus-reward learning, namely object reversal learning. Relative to controls, monkeys with bilateral PFo removals showed a significant attenuation of reinforcer devaluation effects on each of two separate assessments, one performed shortly after surgery and the other ∼19 months after surgery; the operated monkeys were also impaired on object reversal learning. The same monkeys, however, were unimpaired in acquisition of object discrimination learning problems and responded like controls when allowed to choose foods alone, either on a food preference test among six different foods or after selective satiation. Thus, satiety mechanisms and the ability to assign value to familiar foods appear to be intact in monkeys with PFo lesions. The pattern of results suggests that the PFo is critical for response selection based on predicted reward outcomes, regardless of whether the value of the outcome is predicted by affective signals (reinforcer devaluation) or by visual signals conveying reward contingency (object reversal learning).

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e95ef62f894ca6fe18d47ca8355b8fe455fa6b1

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Citations in the corpus

The orbitofrontal cortex and beyond: from affect to decision-making. (2008, methodology): “…task in that they respond to the object which was formerly rewarded with food; and in extinction in that they continue to respond to an object which is no longer rewarded (Butter, 1969; Izquierdo and Murray, 2004; Izquierdo et al., 2004; Jones and Mishkin, 1972; Murray and Izquierdo, 2007).”
NEUROBIOLOGY OF ECONOMIC CHOICE: A GOOD-BASED MODEL (2011, result): “This result has been replicated by several groups in both rodents (Gallagher et al. 1999, Pickens et al. 2003) and monkeys (Izquierdo et al. 2004; Kazama & Bachevalier 2009; Machado & Bachevalier 2007a,b).”
Habits, rituals, and the evaluative brain. (2008, background): “In macaque monkeys, the basolateral amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex are also required for sensitivity to reward devaluation (Izquierdo et al. 2004, Wellman et al. 2005).”
The somatic marker hypothesis: a critical evaluation. (2006, background): “Against this defence, it has been demonstrated that reversal learning does not depend on an intact amygdala (Izquierdo et al., 2004) , suggesting reversal is independent of emotion processing systems.”
Neurons in the Frontal Lobe Encode the Value of Multiple Decision Variables (2009, unknown): “Three specific areas within the frontal lobe are implicated: the orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) (Fellows & Farah, 2007; Fellows, 2006; Izquierdo, Suda, & Murray, 2004; Baxter, Parker, Lindner, Izquierdo, & Murray, 2000; Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)”
Impulsivity, Frontal Lobes and Risk for Addiction (2009, background): “, 2006), and to represent subjective value during decision-making (Izquierdo et al., 2004; Padoa-Schioppa and Assad, 2006; Roesch and Olson, 2004; Schoenbaum and Roesch, 2005).”
Orbitofrontal cortex as a cognitive map of task space (2014, unknown): “Reversal Learning Perhaps the most classic behavioral deficit associated with OFC dysfunction is impaired reversal learning (Teitelbaum, 1964; Butter, 1969; Jones and Mishkin, 1972; Rolls et al., 1994; Dias et al., 1996; Meunier et al., 1997; McAlonan and Brown, 2003; Schoenbaum et al., 2002, 2003a;”