Neural Correlates of Reach Errors

By Jörn Diedrichsen, Yasmin L. Hashambhoy, Tushar Rane, Reza Shadmehr. Journal of Neuroscience, 2005

653 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Reach errors may be broadly classified into errors arising from unpredictable changes in target location, called target errors, and errors arising from miscalibration of internal models (e.g., when prisms alter visual feedback or a force field alters limb dynamics), called execution errors. Execution errors may be caused by miscalibration of dynamics (e.g., when a force field alters limb dynamics) or by miscalibration of kinematics (e.g., when prisms alter visual feedback). Although all types of errors lead to similar on-line corrections, we found that the motor system showed strong trial-by-trial adaptation in response to random execution errors but not in response to random target errors. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a compatible robot to study brain regions involved in processing each kind of error. Both kinematic and dynamic execution errors activated regions along the central and the postcentral sulci and in lobules V, VI, and VIII of the cerebellum, making these areas possible sites of plastic changes in internal models for reaching. Only activity related to kinematic errors extended into parietal area 5. These results are inconsistent with the idea that kinematics and dynamics of reaching are computed in separate neural entities. In contrast, only target errors caused increased activity in the striatum and the posterior superior parietal lobule. The cerebellum and motor cortex were as strongly activated as with execution errors. These findings indicate a neural and behavioral dissociation between errors that lead to switching of behavioral goals and errors that lead to adaptation of internal models of limb dynamics and kinematics.

Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b1ead7a7bc9d0b7f3e0faffa74c547060e39ccb

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Citations in the corpus

Human parietal cortex in action. (2006, background): “com suggested that the mOPJ encodes the current target of a reaching movement [21].”
Neural Correlates of Susceptibility to Group Opinions in Online Word-of-Mouth Recommendations (2015, methodology): “Volumes were weighted according to the inverse of their noise variance using the robust weighted least squares toolbox (Diedrichsen et al. 2005).”
Evidence for the Flexible Sensorimotor Strategies Predicted by Optimal Feedback Control (2007, background): “Trial-to-trial adaptation has been found in perturbations of the hand (Thoroughman and Shadmehr, 2000; Donchin et al., 2003) but not the target (Diedrichsen et al., 2005).”
The primate cortico-cerebellar system: anatomy and function (2006, background): “However, neuroimaging studies reveal the presence of activity in the human cerebellum related to error signal”
Plasticity of multisensory dorsal stream functions: Evidence from congenitally blind and sighted adults (2010, background): “The overlapping activation foci reported for reaching and pointing might be caused by a common mechanism which processes the current movement target (Diedrichsen et al., 2005).”
The Resting Human Brain and Motor Learning (2009, background): “Previous imaging reports suggest widespread cerebellar activation during active performance of motor learning tasks [10, 12, 17], but as far as we are aware, no others have searched for cerebellar resting state components after a period of motor learning.”
Functional gradients of the cerebellum (2018, background): “fMRI task activity analyses have made claims regarding distinct functional contributions of the cerebellar second motor representation (Habas et al., 2004; Diedrichsen et al., 2005; Habas and Cabanis, 2006; Bohland and Guenther, 2006; Tourville et al., 2008); however, none has demonstrated statistic”
Principles of sensorimotor learning (2011, background): “It has been shown that a network that is engaged in processing self-generated reach errors 49 also seems to be involved in observing reach errors 131 .”
A spatially unbiased atlas template of the human cerebellum (2006, methodology): “To ensure that these results did not solely reflect the fact that the template images represent the average geometry of those specific individuals, we cross-validated the results with anatomical data from 16 independent participants (Exp 2, Diedrichsen et al., 2005 ).”
Reinforcement learning signal predicts social conformity. (2009, neutral): “In addition, conflict trials activated more strongly than noconflict trials (Table 1) the insular cortex, the precuneus, the cerebellar tonsil, and the middle frontal gyrus, all areas known to be engaged in general error processing (Diedrichsen et al., 2005; Ridderinkhof et al., 2004).”
Sensory prediction errors drive cerebellum-dependent adaptation of reaching. (2007, background): “These individuals had only cerebellar signs on neurological examination and thus fell into the classification of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type III (ADCA III; Harding 1993).”
Contributions of the basal ganglia and functionally related brain structures to motor learning. (2009, neutral): “A large body of evidence indicates that the neuronal substrate primarily responsible for the encoding, consolidation and long-term storage of adapted movements comprises the cerebellum and related structures [14,16,44,101] see [19,21,23,25,61,98] for reviews).”
Dissociating the roles of the cerebellum and motor cortex during adaptive learning: the motor cortex retains what the cerebellum learns. (2011, background): “…reaching errors, is believed to be driven by a mismatch between the predicted and actual sensory outcome of a reaching movement (Chen et al. 2006; Diedrichsen et al. 2005; Imamizu et al. 2000; Martin et al. 1996; Maschke et al. 2004; Mazzoni and Krakauer 2006; Tseng et al. 2007; Weiner et al.…”