On sharks, trolls, and their patent prey—Unrealistic damage awards and firms’ strategies of “being infringed”

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The Drivers of Technology Licensing: An Industry Comparison (2007, background): “might result in differences in the relative importance of the drivers.(16) Similarly, the characteristics of the intellectual property regimes in some countries (e.”
Sustaining superior performance in an emerging economy: an empirical test in the Indian context (2012, background): “While firms can and do invent around patents of a competitor, patents often make such attempts difficult and risky (Reitzig et al., 2007).”
Opening science: towards an agenda of open science in academia and industry (2014, background): “New phenomena like patent funds, patent trolls and patent donations emerged in recent years and increasingly attracted scientific research (Reitzig et al. 2007; Ziegler et al. 2014).”
An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Essential Patent Claims in Compatibility Standards (2011, background): “Considerable attention is paid to some strategies at the extreme end of the spectrum, such as ‘holdup’, patent ambush (see, for instance, Farrell et al., 2007 and Sidak, 2009), and patent trolls (Reitzig et al, 2007).”