The economic costs associated with physical inactivity and obesity in Canada: an update.

By P. Katzmarzyk, Ian Janssen. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 2004

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The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. (2016, methodology): “Direct health-care costs Health-care costs attributable to physical inactivity were estimated using a population attributable fraction (PAF) approach.(8) This approach requires nine steps (panel 1).”
A systematic review of the evidence for Canada's Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults (2010, background): “In a review of observational trials, Katzmarzyk and Janssen [20] revealed that the fracture risk was markedly higher in habitually inactive individuals (RR = 1.”
The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2009, background): “Only one recent meta-analysis study conducted by Katzmarzyk and Janssen comprehensively estimated the incidence of eight different chronic diseases associated with obesity [5].”
The Urban Creative-Food Economy: Producing Food for the Urban Elite or Social Inclusion Opportunity? (2006, background): “Blowfish, a fusion restaurant with Japanese, classical French, and pan-Asian influences, `̀ run by a Jew, a Muslim, a Hindu and a Buddhist ... is a child of Canada's multicultural experiment ... .”