Incumbent Performance in the Face of a Radical Innovation: Towards a Framework for Incumbent Challenger Dynamics

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Incumbent Adaptation to Technological Change: The Past, Present, and Future of Research on Heterogeneous Incumbent Response (2018, unknown): “We believe that existing categorizations of technological changes are too crude to account for the different nature of the changes and to allow for cross-context comparisons (Ansari & Krop, 2012; Durand, 1992).”
Technological discontinuities and the challenge for incumbent firms: destruction, disruption or creative accumulation? (2013, background): “Moreover, accumulated competences and experience enable incumbents to develop new applications and features to compete head-on with new entrants, if they so choose (cf. Ansari and Krop, 2012).”
Business Models for Sustainable Technologies: Exploring Business Model Evolution in the Case of Electric Vehicles (2014, background): “However, new entrants not only face the problem that they have to challenge powerful incumbents (Ansari and Krop, 2012), but also deal with another barrier that is relevant to new entrants and incumbents alike: sustainable technologies lack market attractiveness (Johnson and Suskewicz, 2009).”
Guides or gatekeepers? Incumbent-oriented transition intermediaries in a low-carbon era (2020, background): “Incumbent actors face significant difficulties in the face of radical innovation brought about by challengers [34], which may disrupt existing activities with acute to chronic consequences.”