Police Ethics and Integrity: Breaking the Blue Code of Silence

By Louise Westmarland. 2005

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The Trauma Lens of Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities (2017, unknown): “…code of silence,” whereby police officers indicate that they view a police officer’s illegal acquisition of money or property as more unethical and problematic than a police officer using illegal force with a suspect and that officers are very unlikely to report such behavior (Westmarland, 2005).”
Organizational ethical climate, perceived organizational support, and employee silence: A cross-level investigation (2013, background): “Consequently, employees feel hesitant to speak up about work-related problems lest it brings harm to their colleagues or organization (Khatri et al., 2009; Somers, 2001; Westmarland, 2005).”
Low Self-Control and Police Deviance: Applying Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory to Officer Misconduct (2014, background): “…& Burns, 1992), police leadership (Goldstein, 1975), organizational response to police deviance (Sherman, 1978), and police culture and socialization (S. Herbert, 1998; Skolnick & Fyfe, 1993; Van Maanen, 1975, 1978; Weisburd, Greenspan, Hamilton, Williams, & Bryant, 2000; Westmarland, 2005).”