Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids, GCPR, and inflammatory bowel diseases

By Mingming Sun, Wei Wu, Zhanju Liu, Y. Cong. Journal of gastroenterology, 2016

909 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Gut microbiota has been well recognized in regulation of intestinal homeostasis and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the mechanisms involved are still not completely understood. Further, the components of the microbiota which are critically responsible for such effects are also largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that, in addition to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, nutrition and bacterial metabolites might greatly impact the immune response in the gut and beyond. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are metabolized by gut bacteria from otherwise indigestible fiber-rich diets, have been shown to ameliorate diseases in animal models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and allergic asthma. Although the exact mechanisms for the action of SCFA are still not completely clear, most notable among the SCFA targets is the mammalian G protein-coupled receptor pair of GPR41 and GPR43. In addition to the well-documented inhibition of histone deacetylases activity mainly by butyrate and propionate, which causes anti-inflammatory activities on IEC, macrophages, and dendritic cells, SCFA has recently been implicated in promoting development of Treg cells and possibly other T cells. In addition to animal models, the beneficial effects have also been reported from the clinical studies that used SCFA therapeutically in controlled trial settings in inflammatory disease, in that application of SCFA improved indices of IBD and therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated in acute radiation proctitis. In this review article, we will summarize recent progresses of SCFA in regulation of intestinal homeostasis as well as in pathogenesis of IBD.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Physiology, Surgery

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6289f31b323fc9c96234a98b20783f0f2c8b7000

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In Molecular Biology

1. M. De Angelis
2. Francesco Maria Calabrese
3. M. Gobbetti
4. M. Vacca
5. P. Portincasa
6. Giuseppe G. A. Celano

Citations in the corpus

• Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity (2024, neutral): “…surface-expressed free fatty acid receptors or through the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A, which are expressed on epithelial cells, adipose tissue and immune cells such as neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and lymphocytes, including T cells 47 (Fig.”
• Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Association with Signalling Pathways in Inflammation, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism (2020, background): “SCFAs can enter cells through the transporter sodium coupled to monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (SMCT-1) without passing through the membrane receptor, occupying the active site of HDACs and causing inhibition [85].”
• The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae (2020, background): “SCFAs were reported to be the major source of nutrition for colonic epithelial cells [98,101], especially butyrate [102,103].”
• Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Gut Microbiota (2017, background): “Indeed, they have been shown to ameliorate IBD, although their exact mechanism of action is still not completely clear [15].”