IBD—what role do Proteobacteria play?

By I. Mukhopadhya, R. Hansen, E. El-Omar, G. Hold. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology, 2012

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Identification of an anti-inflammatory protein from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a commensal bacterium deficient in Crohn's disease (2015, background): “Several bacterial species have been associated with CD, including members of the Proteobacteria [7] such as adherent-invasive Escherichia coli [8], Campylobacter concisus [9] [10] and enterohepatic Helicobacter [11] [12].”
Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship (2022, background): “It is also imperative to examine the exact etiology and pathogenesis of IBD.”
Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy. (2012, background): “…microbiota (Figure 2A), including elevated levels of Enterobacteriaceae, raised the question of whether the T3 microbiota can induce a greater inﬂammatory response in the host compared to T1 microbiota, as Proteobacteria are often associated with inﬂammatory conditions (Mukhopadhya et al., 2012).”
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015, background): “Proteobacteria are generally not considered to be beneficial due to their proinflammatory properties (Amar et al., 2011; Cani et al., 2007; Mukhopadhya et al., 2012).”