Stereotaxic display of brain lesions.

By C. Rorden, Matthew Brett. Behavioural Neurology, 2000

2,669 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Traditionally lesion location has been reported using standard templates, text based descriptions or representative raw slices from the patient's CT or MRI scan. Each of these methods has drawbacks for the display of neuroanatomical data. One solution is to display MRI scans in the same stereotaxic space popular with researchers working in functional neuroimaging. Presenting brains in this format is useful as the slices correspond to the standard anatomical atlases used by neuroimagers. In addition, lesion position and volume are directly comparable across patients. This article describes freely available software for presenting stereotaxically aligned patient scans. This article focuses on MRI scans, but many of these tools are also applicable to other modalities (e.g. CT, PET and SPECT). We suggest that this technique of presenting lesions in terms of images normalized to standard stereotaxic space should become the standard for neuropsychological studies.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/597597286f9ab0aed05923e4111bd2d9312d2e02

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In Cognitive Neuroscience

In Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

Citations in the corpus

A NIRS-fMRI investigation of prefrontal cortex activity during a working memory task (2013, neutral): “From the MNI coordinates, the BA number was determined (Rorden and Brett, 2000) for each projection point (Step A-8).”
Working Memory Maintenance Contributes to Long-term Memory Formation: Neural and Behavioral Evidence (2005, methodology): “For visualization purposes, thresholded statistical parametric maps were overlaid on T1-weighted images using MRIcro software (Rorden & Brett, 2000).”
Improving Lesion-Symptom Mapping (2007, methodology): “For example, the free MRIcro software ( Rorden & Brett, 2000 ) includes a Yates-corrected chi-square test (which closely approximates the Fisher exact test).,In order to examine the Liebermeister test with real lesion data, we conducted an analysis on a subset of 63 patients reported in Karnath, Fru”
Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction. (2009, methodology): “All time series exported from GE system were converted into statistical parametric mapping (SPM) format using MRIcro (Rorden and Brett, 2000).”
Lesion identification using unified segmentation-normalisation models and fuzzy clustering (2008, methodology): “Full details of how these T1 images were created can be found in Brett et al. (2001). Essentially, the simulations involved creating a lesion definition image (i.”
Age-specific CT and MRI templates for spatial normalization (2012, neutral): “…methods for correlating brain injury with subsequent neurological symptoms including stroke, brain resection and tumors (Frank et al., 1997; Rorden and Brett, 2000; Bates et al., 2003; Bonilha et al., 2007; Kimberg et al., 2007; Rorden et al., 2007; Solomon et al., 2007; Rudrauf et al.,…”
A probabilistic MR atlas of the human cerebellum (2009, methodology): “This can be done not only for functional data, but also for structural data such as that used for voxelbased morphometry (VBM, Ashburner and Friston, 2000) and for lesion analysis (Rorden and Brett, 2001).”
The anatomy of spatial neglect based on voxelwise statistical analysis: a study of 140 patients. (2004, methodology): “software distribution (Rorden and Brett, 2000) and were drawn manually (while being blind for the diagnosis of spatial neglect) on slices of”
Common and distinct neural responses during direct and incidental processing of multiple facial emotions (2003, methodology): “In the cases of right SI and bilateral amygdala and insula masks based upon on the group’s average structural scan were constructed using MRIcro (Rorden and Brett, 2000) (volumes 20, 8, 40 cm(3), respectively).”
Modeling the current distribution during transcranial direct current stimulation. (2006, methodology): “In order to report current density values at anatomically relevant locations in the brain, the spherical model was positioned in MNI-space by visual inspection of its superposition on the ICBM152 template using MRIcro (Brett et al., 2002; Rorden and Brett, 2000).”
Left inferior frontal gyrus is critical for response inhibition (2008, methodology): “Lesions were transcribed onto corresponding axial templates (the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) brain cut at a steeper slice angle) using MRIcro software [38].”
Electrical neuroimaging based on biophysical constraints (2004, methodology): “It represents the average over the 40 ms preceding the motor response of the solution overlaid onto the individual subject brain using the MRICro software (Rorden and Brett, 2000).”
Functional Specialization within Rostral Prefrontal Cortex (Area 10): A Meta-analysis (2006, methodology): “…(‘‘processing of internal states,’’ ‘‘memory retrieval models,’’ ‘‘prospective memory,’’ ‘‘branching and reallocation of attention,’’ ‘‘relational integration’’) as well as suggesting an additional account of their own (‘‘integrating the outcomes of two or more separate cognitive operations’’).”
Power in Voxel-based Lesion-Symptom Mapping (2007, methodology): “MRIcro is in the process of being supplanted by MRIcron, and both are available via: www.mricro.com/ SPM is the most widely used package for fMRI analysis, and is the foundation for a large number of toolboxes and extensions.”
Large, colorful, or noisy? Attribute- and modality-specific activations during retrieval of perceptual attribute knowledge (2001, methodology): “An experienced neurologist blind to the PET data def ined a bilateral ROI encompassing the inferior and middle temporal gyri and the ventral surface of the temporal lobe, using MRIcro (Rorden & Brett, 2001).”
Functional neuroimaging correlates of mental fatigue induced by cognition among chronic fatigue syndrome patients and controls (2007, methodology): “For presentation purposes, fMRI data presented in figures were overlaid on the standard image with MRICro software (Rorden and Brett, 2000).”