Peptidoglycan structure and architecture.

By W. Vollmer, D. Blanot, M. de Pedro. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 2008

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Relating the metatranscriptome and metagenome of the human gut (2014, background): “Peptidoglycans are critical components of bacterial cells walls and have roles in the maintenance of cell shape and integrity (28).”
Wall teichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria. (2013, background): “Cell envelopes are varied in structure, but all contain layers of peptidoglycan (PG), a cross-linked matrix of linear carbohydrate (glycan) chains connected to one another via covalent bonds between attached peptides (130).”
Bacterial polymers: biosynthesis, modifications and applications (2010, background): “Structural cell wall polysaccharides have been recently discussed elsewher”
The bacterial cell envelope. (2010, background): “Peptidoglycan is made up of repeating units of the disaccharide N-acetyl glucosamine-N-actyl muramic acid, which are cross-linked by pentapeptide side chains (Vollmer et al. 2008).”
From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology (2011, background): “The peptidoglycan sacculus maintains cell shape and provides mechanical strength to resist osmotic challenge”
Bacterial peptidoglycan (murein) hydrolases. (2008, background): “It should be noted that the activity of a hydrolase is often specific for a certain peptidoglycan type (Vollmer et al., 2008), for the presence or the absence of (a) secondary modification(s) (Vollmer, 2007), or for either high-molecularweight (MW) peptidoglycan or small fragments.”