Bacterial peptidoglycan (murein) hydrolases.

By W. Vollmer, B. Joris, P. Charlier, S. Foster. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 2008

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Pathways of nitrogen utilization by soil microorganisms - a review. (2010, background): “Peptidoglycan is composed of different amino sugars and amino acids which are linked together by three different chemical bonds, namely glycosidic, amide, and peptide, to form a two- or threedimensional net-like polymer (Vollmer et al., 2008).”
Peptidoglycan Hydrolases of Escherichia coli (2011, background): “LTs were found in many other organisms (230, 295) and were classified into four families on the basis of consensus sequence motifs (23).”
From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology (2011, background): “coli has at least 13 periplasmic peptidoglycan hydrolases ( Autolysins ), which can collectively cleave almost any glycoside and amide bon”
Cross-biome metagenomic analyses of soil microbial communities and their functional attributes (2012, background): “Likewise, murein hydrolases, which cleave bacterial peptidoglycan and are frequently associated with bacterial cell lysis (43), were consistently more abundant in nondesert soils than in the desert soils (Fig.”