Physical activity and television watching in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in men.

By F. B. Hu, M. Leitzmann, MR Stampfer, G. Colditz, W. Willett, E. Rimm. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2001

842 citations recorded by the source corpus.

BACKGROUND Television (TV) watching, a major sedentary behavior in the United States, has been associated with obesity. We hypothesized that prolonged TV watching may increase risk for type 2 diabetes. METHODS In 1986, 37 918 men aged 40 to 75 years and free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer completed a detailed physical activity questionnaire. Starting from 1988, participants reported their average weekly time spent watching TV on biennial questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 1058 cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed during 10 years (347 040 person-years) of follow-up. After adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol use, and other covariates, the relative risks (RRs) for type 2 diabetes across increasing quintiles of metabolic equivalent hours (MET-hours) per week were 1.00, 0.78, 0.65, 0.58, and 0.51 (P for trend, <.001). Time spent watching TV was significantly associated with higher risk for diabetes. After adjustment for age, smoking, physical activity levels, and other covariates, the RRs of diabetes across categories of average hours spent watching TV per week (0-1, 2-10, 11-20, 21-40, and >40) were 1.00, 1.66, 1.64, 2.16, and 2.87, respectively (P for trend, <.001). This association was somewhat attenuated after adjustment for body mass index, but a significant positive gradient persisted (RR comparing extreme categories, 2.31; P for trend,.01). CONCLUSIONS Increasing physical activity is associated with a significant reduction in risk for diabetes, whereas a sedentary lifestyle indicated by prolonged TV watching is directly related to risk. Our findings suggest the importance of reducing sedentary behavior in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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Citations in the corpus

The Effectiveness of Urban Design and Land Use and Transport Policies and Practices to Increase Physical Activity: A Systematic Review. (2006, background): “To evaluate the effectiveness of community-scale urban design and land use policies, and practices in promoting physical activity, we identified thirteen ( 13 ) studies from a pool of over 300 studies published during the years 1993-2003.”
Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. (2004, background): “In substudies of the Nurses’ Health Study I and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 98% and 97% of the self-reported diabetes cases documented by the same supplementary questionnaire were confirmed by medical record review.(22,23)”
Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis. (2011, result): “Of the 59 T2D cases in HPFS and 62 cases in NHS who were confirmed by the supplementary questionnaire, 57 (97%) and 61 (98%) were reconfirmed by medical records [23,24].”
Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. (2003, background): “Our results are consistent with previous studies of TV watching in relation to obesity and weight gain in children4,6,7 and adults.19-22 They are also consistent with our previous analysis showing a positive association between prolonged TV watching and type 2 diabetes among men in the Health Profes”
Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. (2009, background): “For example, independent of physical activity, television viewing has been reported to be associated with obesity (16,17), metabolic syndrome (5,7), and incident type 2 diabetes (15,16) among adults.”
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes (2010, background): “In several studies, type 2 diabetes was assessed by self-report; however, it has been shown in validation studies that selfreport of type 2 diabetes is highly accurate according to medical record review (25).”
Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis (2015, methodology): “In an analysis of four studies [5, 16, 27, 67] without BMI adjustment the summary RR was 0.”
Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle. (2010, background): “A similar finding was observed in 37 918 participants of the Health Professional’s Follow-up Study (HPFS), where, independent of physical activity, each 2 h day–1 increase in TV viewing time was associated with a 20% increase in the risk for diabetes (Hu et al. 2001).”