Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and inflammation

By Y. Belkaid, T. Hand. Cell, 2014

4,719 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The microbiota plays a fundamental role on the induction, training and function of the host immune system. In return, the immune system has largely evolved as a means to maintain the symbiotic relationship of the host with these highly diverse and evolving microbes. When operating optimally this immune system–microbiota alliance allows the induction of protective responses to pathogens and the maintenance of regulatory pathways involved in the maintenance of tolerance to innocuous antigens. However, in high-income countries overuse of antibiotics, changes in diet, and elimination of constitutive partners such as nematodes has selected for a microbiota that lack the resilience and diversity required to establish balanced immune responses. This phenomenon is proposed to account for some of the dramatic rise in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders in parts of the world where our symbiotic relationship with the microbiota has been the most affected.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50004f8b377adfc9ac9ad8df45990069b67dfee6

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Citations in the corpus

Gut Microbial Metabolites Fuel Host Antibody Responses. (2016, background): “A mounting body of evidence indicates that gut microbiota profoundly influences the host immune system (Alexander et al., 2014; Belkaid and Hand, 2014).”
Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis (2019, background): “The role of microbiota in various physiological activities, including in immune system, has been well established previously [7].”
Dysbiosis Contributes to Arthritis Development via Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine (2016, background): “Thus, similar to other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and diabetes, RA is correlated with dysbiosis (16).”
Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic (2019, background): “This mucin degrader is affected by the nutrients in the mucus layer located at a close distance to the intestinal epithelial (Belkaid and Hand, 2014).”
Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters (2015, background): “Prior studies have conclusively shown that the gut microbiota is an essential factor that influences cellular and humoral components of the intestinal immune system [7].”
Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions (2020, background): “When operating optimally and under normal circumstances, the alliance between the immune system and gut microbiota interweaves the innate and adaptive arms of immunity in a dialog that selects, adjusts, and terminates responses in the most appropriate manner [2].”
Resistance Mechanisms to Immune-Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer: Tumor-Intrinsic and -Extrinsic Factors. (2016, unknown): “Indeed, ipilimumab-treated patients develop anti-microbiota antibodies (Berman et al., 2010) that appear to be associated with irAEs such as rashes, hepatitis, and colitis (Beck et al., 2006; Berman et al., 2010; Weber et al., 2012).”
Immunoglobulin A coating identifies colitogenic bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease (2014, unknown): “To maintain intestinal homeostasis, the mucosal immune system must selectively recognize and respond to pathogenic species while simultaneously maintaining tolerance to harmless and symbiotic members of the intestinal microbiota (Belkaid and Hand, 2014).”