The Lenses of Gender: Transforming the Debate on Sexual Inequality

By S. Bem. 1993

Subfields: AI Ethics, Fairness & Society

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Citations in the corpus

Queens Are Powerful Too: Mitigating Gender Bias in Dialogue Generation (2019, background): “…text might increase the chances of biases such as androcen-trism , or the propensity of societies to consider men central but women peripheral (Bem, 1993; Bailey et al., 2020); in language, male-gendered words often act as a gender-neutral standard (Bai-ley et al., 2019), as in Neil…”
Investigating Failures of Automatic Translation in the Case of Unambiguous Gender (2021, background): “…Rudinger et al., 2017; Garg et al., 2018; Garimella et al., 2019; Gonen and Goldberg, 2019; Dinan et al., 2020a,b), we further observe in our results yet a higher order type of stereotyping that negatively affects women, namely androcentrism (Bem, 1993; Hegarty et al., 2013; Bailey et al., 2019).”
Recognizing faces of other ethnic groups: An integration of theories. (2001, background): “Similar to gender marking, in which “femaleness” is coded as a deviation from the norm of “maleness” and consequently more frequently specified (Bem, 1993), ethnicity is coded as the presence or absence of a specific ethnic feature for out-groups.”
Sexual Objectification and Substance Abuse in Young Adult Women (2011, background): “These commercials also influence a woman in what her place is in the world; to be an object or decoration for men to admire and this is connected with the intake of substances (Bem, 1993).”
Collective Guilt as Distress over Illegitimate Intergroup Inequality (2006, background): “…ideologies that legitimize differential treatment of men and women by perceiving it as proportional to their differential biological capabilities (Bem, 1993), or by suggesting that men’s dominance over women is inevitable given that men currently occupy more high status positions than women (see…”
Gender Differences in Environmental Concern: Reevaluating Gender Socialization (2016, background): “…or leadership and what is labeled “feminine” measures empathy or nurturance (Hoffman and Borders 2001; Choi and Fuqua 2003; Choi, Fuqua, and Newman 2008), and that an individual can score simultaneously high and low on scales ostensibly measuring “femininity” and “masculinity” (see Bem 1981; 1993).”
Gendered harassment in secondary schools: understanding teachers’ (non) interventions (2008, background): “Queer theorists and other scholars of gender and sexuality have argued effectively that sex, gender and sexual orientation are three distinct aspects of an individual’s identity and experience (Butler 1990; Sedgwick 1990/1993; Bem 1993; Connell 1995; Jagose 1996; Sullivan 2003).”
Gendered study choice: a literature review. A review of theory and research into the unequal representation of male and female students in mathematics, science, and technology (2013, background): “It often is the primary framing device for social relations (Bem, 1993; Connell, 1987; Ridgeway, 2006; Scott, 1986).”
Intersectionality in Quantitative Psychological Research (2016, methodology): “We then use that dichotomy to understand and organize our perceptions and ‘‘knowledge’’ about those categories (Bem, 1981, 1993), thereby assuming that all other characteristics (e.g., personality traits and intellectual aptitude) within them are also oppositional.”
The Impact of Gender and Department Climate on Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Quit for Faculty in Science and Engineering Fields (2006, background): “Key Words: gender, climate, work outcomes, regression and/or mediation analysis, faculty JEL Classifications: D23, M14, I20, C42”