Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet

By Lisa Nakamura. 2002

854 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4794714ef64a90457409e3cc6782bed5f70b6e61

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Citations in the corpus

The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate (2016, unknown): “Operational parameters are speciﬁed by developers and conﬁgured by users with desired outcomes in mind that privilege some values and interests over others (cf. Friedman and Nissenbaum, 1996; Johnson, 2006; Kraemer et al., 2011; Nakamura, 2013).”
Parenting gone wired: empowerment of new mothers on the internet? (2006, background): “…discussion forums include new parents, fathers, older parents, teenage and young parents, single parents, step families and working mums but no mention is made, for example, of lesbian or black families: other experiences of race and sexuality are ‘designed out’ by omission (see Nakamura 2002).”
How We've Taught Algorithms to See Identity: Constructing Race and Gender in Image Databases for Facial Analysis (2020, background): “Technology scholars have explored concepts such as embodied identity in virtual worlds [10, 21, 71], including intersecting experiences of race and gender [117].”
The walkthrough method: An approach to the study of apps (2018, background): “Studies of websites have identified how features, such as drop-down menus, shape users’ identity expression (Nakamura, 2002).”
Avatars and computer-mediated communication: a review of the definitions, uses, and effects of digital representations (2018, background): “For example, if users embody the avatar of a person of color and enact stereotypically consistent behaviors, they may reinforce negative stereotypes for themselves and the people with whom they interact (Nakamura, 2002).”
A New Algorithmic Identity (2011, background): “Of course real world preconceptions around the meanings of categories feed into the foundational definitions that we have about certain genders, races, and classes online (Nakamura, 2002).”
Rethinking Cyberfeminism(s): Race, Gender, and Embodiment (2009, background): “…contend that the Internet shifts gender and racial regimes of power through the human/machine hybridity of cyborgs (Haraway 1985), identity tourism (Nakamura 2002; Turkle 1997), and the escape from embodiment (Hansen 2006; Nouraie-Simone 2005b), I argue that the lived experience and actual…”
The Bottom of the Data Pyramid: Big Data and the Global South (2016, unknown): “Since then, there has been a substantive critique of this so-called freedom of identity, arguing instead how social and political institutions, values, and rules of governance of the material world continue to affect the digital world (Dawson & Cowan, 2013; Gal, Shifman, & Kampf, 2015; Nakamura, 201”
Google Search: Hyper-visibility as a Means of Rendering Black Women and Girls Invisible (2013, background): “Representations of women and people of color in the traditional mass media, akin to those I discuss here in search results, have been problematized by many scholars(37) and the Internet is part of the landscape of new media where race and representation are being investigated.(38) Despite the rhetor”
‘The presentation of self in the online world’: Goffman and the study of online identities (2013, background): “Identity tourism [26] occurs when a user of an online environment such as blogging or SL utilizes the potential for anonymity to adopt a different gender or race.”
Race and racism in Internet Studies: A review and critique (2013, background): “The evidence for this shift appears in Nakamura’s work in which she examines the ‘text-only niche Internet,’ where identity tourism, that is, the escape from visibly embodied racial identity, was more possible (Nakamura, 2002).”
Do you identify as a gamer? Gender, race, sexuality, and gamer identity (2012, background): “Nakamura (2002, 2008) has made similar critiques of cyberculture more generally.”