Overview of retinoid metabolism and function.

By Rune Blomhoff, H. Blomhoff. Journal of Neurobiology, 2006

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A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health. (2018, background): “There is evidence that retinoids may impact cell metabolism and cell-signaling pathways through extragenomic actions including retinoylation (acylation by RA) of proteins and activation of protein kinase cascades [321, 387, 415, 448-450].”
Oogenesis in teleosts: how eggs are formed. (2010, background): “of 500 genes involved in a large array of biological processing, including ovarian follicle and embryonic development in vertebrates (Blomhoff and Blomhoff, 2006).”
Dendritic cells in intestinal immune regulation (2008, neutral): “Synthesis of retinoic acid from stored or dietary retinol occurs in a two-step reaction consisting of the oxidation of retinol to retinal, and the subsequent oxidation of retinal to retinoic aci”
Retinoic acid in the development, regeneration and maintenance of the nervous system (2007, background): “These dietary components are stored as retinyl esters (also known as retinoids) in the liver and in several extrahepatic sites, including the lungs, bone marrow and the kidney”
Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage (2008, background): “Vitamin A is obtained from the diet either as all-trans -retinol, retinyl esters or β-caroten”