Early and rapidly internationalizing ventures: Similarities and differences between classifications based on the original international new venture and born global literatures

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Re-thinking research on born globals (2015, background): “Nevertheless, recent discussions draw attention to the conceptual and empirical muddle that has come to exist around IE terminology (Coviello, McDougall, & Oviatt, 2011; Madsen, 2013).”
Understanding the drivers of international performance for born global firms: an integrated perspective (2015, unknown): “While Coviello, McDougall, and Oviatt (2011) note that the terms ‘‘international new venture’’ and ‘‘born global’’ have been used interchangeably in the literature, Madsen (2013) recommends using the speed, scope and extent of the firm’s international activities in defining BGs.”
Informal institutions and international entrepreneurship (2017, background): “Further, we recognize the need for composite operationalizations that distinguish age, speed, scope and intensity of internationalization (Madsen, 2013), as well as performance (Sleuwaegen & Onkelinx, 2014).”