Characterizing Consumer Motivation as Individual Difference Factors: Augmenting the Sport Interest Inventory (SII) to Explain Level of Spectator Support

By Daniel C. Funk, Daniel F. Mahony, Lynn L. Ridinger. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2002

351 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The central focus of this study was to examine how individual difference factors could be used to explain various levels of consumer support for a specific sport property. The present study extends the Sport Interest Inventory (SII) in order to enhance current understanding of consumer motives in relation to sport in general and women's competitive sport in particular. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 54-item Sport Interest Inventory, measuring 14 individual difference factors related to spectator interest in soccer. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that five motivational characteristics'(a) sport interest, (b) team interest, (c) vicarious achievement, (d) role modeling, and (e) entertainment value—been increasing consistently since the passage of Title IX of the Educational Amendments in 1972 (e.g., Acosta & Carpenter, 1994; Coakley, 1998; Mahony & Pastore, 1998; Sabo & Snyder, 1993). However, a explained 54% of variance in level of spectator support for women's professional soccer. These results suggest that augmenting traditional spectator measures offers a better understanding of motivational characteristics in different sport situations and of the impact these motivations have on behavior. Implications for marketers of women's professional sports and of sports in general are discussed.

Subfields: Gender Studies, Marketing, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f26854d587f19cd806be44c77b37be5febb688a

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Gender Studies

In Marketing

In Sociology and Political Science

Citations in the corpus

Toward Team or Player? How Trust, Vicarious Achievement Motive, and Identification Affect Fan Loyalty (2012, background): “As trust and vicarious achievement motive have been proposed in previous studies to produce both direct and indirect impact on loyalty (Chiou et al., 2002; Funk et al., 2002; Funk, Ridinger, & Moorman, 2003; Morgan & Hunt, 1994), the rival model-partially mediated depicts a situation wherein identif”
Motives and Points of Attachment: Fans versus Spectators in Intercollegiate Athletics (2003, neutral): “The correlation coefficients of the motives in Fink et al. (2002b) and Funk et al. (2001; 2002) varied considerably; that is, some of the motives were more highly correlated with each other than others.”
Measuring the Motives of Sport Event Attendance: Bridging the Academic-Practitioner Divide to Understanding Behavior (2009, neutral): “…to explain variance in attitudes (e.g., team commitment, behavioral intention) or a composite attitude-behavior measure (e.g., loyalty variable of commitment and attendance behavior) or describe differences between segments (Funk et al., 2002; Theodorakis, & Alexandris, 2008; Trail & James, 2001).”
Fans vs. Spectators: An Analysis of Those who Attend Intercollegiate Football Games (2005, neutral): “However, indirect evidence exists to suggest that there may in fact be relationships between specific motives and points of attachment (Funk et al., 2001; Funk et al., 2002).”
Consumer loyalty: the meaning of attachment in the development of sport team allegiance. (2006, background): “Gladden and Funk (2002) partially addressed this issue as they extended their work on team brand associations.”
Understanding Professional Athletes' Use of Twitter: A Content Analysis of Athlete Tweets (2010, background): “The off-line sport-consumption motives include interest in the sport, team, and players; entertainment (Funk, Mahony, & Ridinger, 2002); and team support (Funk et al., 2002).”
Development of the Motivation Scale for Sport Online Consumption (2008, neutral): “The 10 dimensions identified are consistent with previous research on motives for Internet use (Chen & Wells, 1999; Joines, Scherer, & Scheufele, 2003; Korgaonkar & Wolin, 1999; Papacharissi & Rubin, 2000; Wolfradt & Doll, 2001), communications (Wolfradt & Doll, 2001; Wright, 2002), and sport involv”
Difference in Interrelationship between Spectators’ Motives and Behavioral Intentions Based on Emotional Attachment (2008, neutral): “In addition, differences between attendees’ and non-attendees’ motives in attending a specific sport event will be an interesting topic in this line of study (Funk et al., 2002).”
An Analysis of Spectator Motives in an Individual Combat Sport: A Study of Mixed Martial Arts Fans (2008, neutral): “…achievement (i.e., self-esteem), and social interaction were selected for this study because prior studies supported the inclusion of these factors (Funk et al., 2002; Trail & James, 2001; Wann, 1995), and James et al. (2006) asserted that these motives were applicable across a wide range of sport…”
The Fan Attitude Network (FAN) Model: Exploring Attitude Formation and Change among Sport Consumers (2004, methodology): “, dispositional needs) and endearing features of the sport event could be examined using the Sport Interest Inventory (SII) (Funk et al., 2002), Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption (Trail & James, 2001), or Sportscape”