The Evolution of Dust in the Early Universe with Applications to the Galaxy SDSS J1148+5251

By E. Dwek, F. Galliano, A. Jones. 2007

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Dusty hyperluminous galaxies in the early universe provide unique environments for studying the role of massive stars in the formation and destruction of dust. At redshifts above ~6, when the universe was less than ~1 Gyr old, dust could have only condensed in the explosive ejecta of Type II supernovae (SNe), since most of the progenitors of the asymptotic giant branch stars, the major alternative source of interstellar dust, did not have time to evolve off the main sequence since the onset of star formation. In this paper we present analytical models for the evolution of the gas, dust, and metals in high-redshift galaxies, with a special application to SDSS J1148+5251 (hereafter J1148+5251), a hyperluminous quasar at z = 6.4. We find that an average SN must condense at least 1 M☉ of dust to account for the observed dust mass in J1148+5251. Observationally, it is in excess of the largest dust yield of ≲0.02 M☉ found thus far in the ejecta of any SN. If future observations find this to be a typical SN dust yield, then additional processes, such as accretion onto preexisting grains or condensation around the active galactic nucleus, will need to be invoked to account for the large amount of dust in this and similar objects. The galaxy's star formation history is still uncertain, and current observations of the gas, metal, and dust contents of J1148+5251 can be reproduced by either an intensive and short burst of star formation (ψ ≳ 103 M☉ yr-1) with a duration of ≲108 yr or a much lower star formation rate (ψ ≈ 100 M☉ yr-1) occurring over the lifetime of the galaxy.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d903504343dc3649560dd5bca1e36b2832ef5ff7

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. Nozomu Tominaga
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Citations in the corpus

• Stellar Evolutionary Effects on the Abundances of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Supernova-Condensed Dust in Galaxies (2007, background): “A more detailed discussion can be found in Dwek (1998) and Dwek et al. (2007).”
• DUST PRODUCTION AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN SUPERNOVA 1987A REVEALED WITH ALMA (2013, unknown): “:3) produced per Type II supernova (Dwek et al. 2007).”
• Evolution of Dust in Primordial Supernova Remnants: Can Dust Grains Formed in the Ejecta Survive and Be Injected into the Early Interstellar Medium? (2007, background): “The presence of these large quantities of dust at such an early epoch, when the universe was P1 Gyr old, suggests the rapid enrichment with dust that formed in the explosive ejecta of short-lived massive stars (Morgan & Edmunds 2003; Maiolino et al. 2004b; Dwek et al. 2007).”
• Stellar sources of dust in the high-redshift Universe (2009, methodology): “The evolution of metals and dust in the host galaxy of the most distant quasar atz = 6.4 SDSS J1148+5251 has been also investigated by Dwek et al. (2007) which show that an averageSN must condense a dust mass of 1M⊙ to reproduce the dust-to-gas ratio inferred from the observations (0.0067), when a…”
• Evolution of interstellar dust and stardust in the solar neighbourhood (2007, background): “Also, the high dust content observed in some high-redshift objects seems to require dust growth in the interstellar medium (Dwek et al. 2007).”
• Production of dust by massive stars at high redshift (2011, methodology): “In models of dust evolution in galaxies and high-z QSOs (e.g., Morgan and Edmunds, 2003; Dwek et al, 2007) a Salpeter IMF is often used.”
• A COOL DUST FACTORY IN THE CRAB NEBULA: A HERSCHEL STUDY OF THE FILAMENTS (2012, background): “This shortfall in the dust mass estimated from AGB stars is also observed in dusty high-redshift galaxies where the timescales for dust production are close to, or shorter than, the lifetime of a typical low-mass AGB star (Morgan & Edmunds 2003; Dwek et al. 2007).”
• Freshly Formed Dust in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant as Revealed by the Spitzer Space Telescope (2007, background): “Recently, a model of dust evolution in high-redshift galaxies (Dwek et al. 2007) indicates that at least 1M of dust per SN is necessary for reproducing the observed dust mass in one hyperluminous quasar at z ¼ 6:4.”
• DUST AND THE TYPE II-PLATEAU SUPERNOVA 2004dj (2009, background): “It is estimated that each supernova (SN) must produce 0.1–1M⊙ of dust to account for the high-redshift observations (Dwek et al. 2007; Meikle et al. 2007).”