Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity.

By J. DiBaise, Husen Zhang, Michael D. Crowell, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, G. Decker, B. Rittmann. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2008

611 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Obesity results from alterations in the body's regulation of energy intake, expenditure, and storage. Recent evidence, primarily from investigations in animal models, suggests that the gut microbiota affects nutrient acquisition and energy regulation. Its composition has also been shown to differ in lean vs obese animals and humans. In this article, we review the published evidence supporting the potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and explore the role that modifying the gut microbiota may play in its future treatment. Evidence suggests that the metabolic activities of the gut microbiota facilitate the extraction of calories from ingested dietary substances and help to store these calories in host adipose tissue for later use. Furthermore, the gut bacterial flora of obese mice and humans include fewer Bacteroidetes and correspondingly more Firmicutes than that of their lean counterparts, suggesting that differences in caloric extraction of ingested food substances may be due to the composition of the gut microbiota. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide derived from the intestinal microbiota may act as a triggering factor linking inflammation to high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Interactions among microorganisms in the gut appear to have an important role in host energy homeostasis, with hydrogen-oxidizing methanogens enhancing the metabolism of fermentative bacteria. Existing evidence warrants further investigation of the microbial ecology of the human gut and points to modification of the gut microbiota as one means to treat people who are over-weight or obese.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3b066687fed985bc69b75486b385e1751deed1e4

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Citations in the corpus

Differential Adaptation of Human Gut Microbiota to Bariatric Surgery–Induced Weight Loss (2010, background): “A novel factor identified to play a role in human obesity and associated metabolic risks is the commensal microbiota of the intestine (3).”
Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial (2010, background): “It has recently emerged that intestinal microbes have an important role in body weight regulation by influencing energy metabolism (Ley et al., 2006; Turnbaugh et al., 2006; DiBaise et al., 2008; Sanz et al., 2008; Tennyson and Friedman, 2008).”
Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding for safe food production. (2010, background): “Oligofructose treatment increases satiety following breakfast and dinner, reduces hunger and prospective food consumption following dinner also in healthy humans stabilizing the weight of an individual, and it can be helpful in overweight individuals (Cani et al., 2006; DiBaise et al., 2008).”
Monitoring Bacterial Community of Human Gut Microbiota Reveals an Increase in Lactobacillus in Obese Patients and Methanogens in Anorexic Patients (2009, background): “Obesity disorders affect many developed countries and result from an imbalance in energy (input versus output) with serious heath consequences, including cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus, and colon cancer [1,2].”
Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models (2010, background): “The evidence supporting the concept that the gut microbiota in obesity facilitates the extraction of additional calories from ingested food has been reviewed elsewhere.”
Intestinal microbiota in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2013, neutral): “Insulin (pmol/L) 21 (15-61) 33 (15-465) 97 (29-437)”
The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review (2012, background): “been shown to increase levels of both circulating endotoxins and markers of endothelial dysfunction [267-269].”
Influence of food matrices on probiotic viability – A review focusing on the fruity bases (2011, neutral): “Gut microbiota might also be an essential factor in certain pathological disorders, including multisystem organ failure, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases (Salonen, De Vos, & Palva, 2010), and recently there are signs that it acts in obesity (DiBaise et al., 2008; Furtado, Faria, & Faria, 20”