Distinguishing homologous from analogous proteins.

By W. Fitch. 1970

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Citations in the corpus

The OMA orthology database in 2015: function predictions, better plant support, synteny view and other improvements (2014, background): “Sequences that have a common ancestry––homologs––are typically refined into orthologs, which are pairs of genes that started diverging via speciation, and paralogues, which are pairs of genes that started diverging via gene duplication (1,2).”
iHam and pyHam: visualizing and processing hierarchical orthologous groups (2018, background): “Those genes called homologs can be distinguished into orthologs if they start diverging by speciation and paralogs if they start diverging by duplication (Fitch, 1970).”
Assessing Performance of Orthology Detection Strategies Applied to Eukaryotic Genomes (2007, background): “Homologous proteins share a common ancestry, and may be characterized as either orthologs (which evolve by speciation only) or paralogs (which arise by gene duplication) [1,2].”
How to build phylogenetic species trees with OMA (2020, unknown): “Furthermore, there are numerous algorithms for inferring orthology which can result in different OG composition, further complicating matters.”
The Pleasures and Perils of Darwinizing Culture (with Phylogenies) (2007, background): “However, gene trees are not always congruent with species trees (Fitch 1970; Maddison 1997).”
EDGAR: A software framework for the comparative analysis of prokaryotic genomes (2009, methodology): “Following the original definition of orthology by Fitch [15], two genes are orthologs if they diverged through a speciation event.”
The TIGRFAMs database of protein families (2003, background): “This term stands in contrast to ortholog, the proper term for proteins related purely by speciation since their last common ancestor ( 2 ).”
OrthoMCL: identification of ortholog groups for eukaryotic genomes. (2003, methodology): “Orthologs and paralogs constitute two major types of homologs: The first evolved from a common ancestor by speciation, and the latter are related by duplication events (Fitch 1970, 2000 .”
Expanding the Orthologous Matrix ( OMA ) programmatic interfaces : REST API and the packages for R and Python OmaDB (2019, unknown): “character(ids), FUN = function(x) tryCatch(name_images(x)$same[[1]]$uid, error = function(w) name_images(x)$supertaxa[[1]]$uid) ) d <- data.”
Ortholog identification in the presence of domain architecture rearrangement (2011, background): “The term ‘ortholog’ was first proposed by Walter Fitch [27] to differentiate genes related by speciation from those related by duplication events: ‘Where the homology is the result of gene duplication so that both copies have descended side by side during the history of an organism.”
Automatic clustering of orthologs and in-paralogs from pairwise species comparisons. (2001, methodology): “The rules are applied in the following order: (1) merge groups if main orthologs A2 and B2 are already clustered in the same group with a stronger group A1-B1; (2) merge groups if main ortholog B has equally best hit to two orthologs from A, A1 and A2; (3) delete new group if one of the main ortholo”