WHY AND HOW ANTIBIOTICS ARE USED IN SWINE PRODUCTION

By G. Cromwell. Animal Biotechnology, 2002

603 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Microbiology, Pollution, Small Animals

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/33151a02469a2695f09a985d1e3aa888c171623f

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In Microbiology

In Pollution

In Small Animals

Citations in the corpus

In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome (2012, background): “A are the most cost-effective way to maintain or improve the health and feed efficiency of animals raised with conventional agricultural techniques (1, 2).”
The Economic Costs of Withdrawing Antimicrobial Growth Promoters from the Livestock Sector (2015, background): “Effect in early studies: 1950-1985, adapted from (Hays, 1970), (Zimmerman, 1986), (Cromwell, 2002) Effect in modern production system, adapted from (Dritz et al.”
Altering the intestinal microbiota during a critical developmental window has lasting metabolic consequences (2014, background): “For decades, farmers have been exposing livestock to low doses of antibiotics to promote growth; the earlier in life that exposure begins, the more profound the effects (Cromwell, 2002; http://www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/products/ approvedanimaldrugproducts/default.htm).”
Antibiotics in the aquatic environment--a review--part I. (2009, background): “, 2002) in some countries where they are used at low doses in animal feeds and are considered to improve the quality of the product, with a lower percentage of fat and higher protein content in the meat (Cromwell, 2002).”
Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action. (2005, background): “9% (Cromwell, 2002).”
In vitro characterisation of the antimicrobial activity of selected essential oil components and binary combinations against the pig gut flora (2009, positive): “For decades, the use of sub-therapeutic or nutritional levels of in-feed antibiotics in intensive pig production demonstrated a consistent ability to improve growth rates and feed conversion ratios (Cromwell, 2002).”
Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications (2018, background): “In addition, Cromwell [42] mentioned that varying quantities of antibiotics are being employed at the different stages of livestock production, especially in pig farming, that incorporates four stages viz. gestation, farrowing, weaning, and finishing.”