Food-related illness and death in the United States.

By Craig Hedberg. 1999

correctly identified E. faecium and E. faecalis to the species level, most (4 of 5) did not correctly identify E. gallinarum (three misidentified it as E. casseliflavus and one as E. faecalis). The results of this study are consistent with those of previous studies in the United States (4,5), South America (6), Spain (7), and Mexico (8). Although in countries like Chile, disk diffusion is practical and reliable for most susceptibility testing, detecting low-level vancomycin resistance in enterocci is difficult without supplementary testing. In Chile, as in other countries, strategies should be implemented to improve detection of these strains, including improvement of phenotypical and genotypical methods for VRE detection and species identification. Documentation of proficiency in detecting VRE is important for improving laboratory performance, detecting clinical isolates, and accurate and reliable reporting to local, national, and international surveillance systems.

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Citations in the corpus

• Food microbiology: Bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food (2005, unknown): “monocytogenes is the cause of approximately 25% of deaths caused by food-borne pathogens in the US annuall”
• Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection (2003, background): “Molecular cloning of a human genomic region containing the H blood group α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene and two H locus-related DNA restriction fragments.”
• Prevalence, persistence and control of Salmonella and Listeria in shrimp and shrimp products: A review (2010, unknown): “Mead et al. (1999) disagreed with this and stated that some unknown portion of the estimated 76 million is attributable to seafood.”
• Norwalk Virus Shedding after Experimental Human Infection (2008, background): “Discussion Noroviruses are estimated to cause 23 million cases of gastroenteritis in the United States each year and to be the most common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis (13).”
• Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: transmission, detection and identification. (2000, background): “[2] Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, et al.”
• Differentiation of the Major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars by Multiplex PCR (2004, background): “Although rare, listeriosis remains of great public health concern due to its high mortality rate (20 to 30%) (16).”
• Listeria: A foodborne pathogen that knows how to survive. (2007, background): “A multi-state outbreak of L. monocytogenes occurred in the United States in 2002.”
• Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Food-Borne Disease: An Ongoing Challenge in Public Health (2014, background): “Annually, an estimated 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths are caused by food-borne diseases in theUnited States [3].”
• Antibacterial activity of decontamination treatments for cattle hides and beef carcasses (2011, background): “The centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 76 million cases of foodrelated illness, resulting in 5’000 deaths and 325’000 hospitalizations, occur in the United States each year (Mead et al., 1999).”
• Recent Trends in Microbiological Safety of Fruits and Vegetables (2003, background): “the number of reported produce-related outbreaks per year doubled between the period 1973-1987 and 1988-1992 (2,24).”
• Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreaks, United States, 1982–2002 (2005, background): “coli O157 infection occur each year in the United States, leading to an estimated 2,168 hospitalizations and 61 deaths annually (5), and it is an important cause of acute renal failure in children (6,7).”
• Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in the United States, 1983-2002. (2005, unknown): “37,000 illnesses [22].”