Transplanted bone marrow regenerates liver by cell fusion

By G. Vassilopoulos, Pei-Rong Wang, David W. Russell. Nature, 2003

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Liver regeneration: from myth to mechanism (2004, background): “Recent studies have indicated that rare cell-fusion events between bone-marrow stem cells and hepatocytes could give the appearance that the resulting cells are derived from bone-marrow stem cells when they are, in fact, of hepatocyte origi”
Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy. (2004, background): “In a chronic model of restoration of damaged liver, fusion of bone marrow cells and liver cells was described [164,165], whereas fusion was not seen in restored pancreatic islet cells [169], in hepatocyes of immune-deficient (NOD-SCID) mice receiving human bone marrow cells [166,167], or in the bucc”
Plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells. (2003, neutral): “Despite data in muscle, kidney and pancreas suggesting that fusion is not the underlying cause of BMSC differentiation into mature nonhematopoietic cells, recently published papers find just the opposite in the case of severely injured liver.(79,80) In both of these studies, donor derived BMSC were ”
Cell death by mitotic catastrophe: a molecular definition (2004, background): “Aneuploidization could result from the asymmetric division of polyploid cells, generated from an illicit cell fusion, as it may occur in vivo (DeWitt and Knight, 2002; Terada et al., 2002; Wurmser and Gage, 2002; Vassilopoulos et al., 2003) or from endoreplication/endomitosis (Nitta et al., 2003).”