Comparing response rates in e-mail and paper surveys: A meta-analysis

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Gender and attitudes toward technology use: A meta-analysis (2017, methodology): “Quantitative analyses were conducted to explore how the study features might have contributed to the in-consistencies of the ﬁ ndings across individual studies (Shih & Fan, 2009).”
Investigating relationships between school context, teacher professional development, teaching practices, and student achievement in response to a nationwide science reform (2018, background): “Approximately 30% of the AP teacher population responded to the web-based surveys, which is considered a good response rate for populations of this size (Shih & Fan, 2009).”
Determinants of customers' online purchase intention: an empirical study in India (2013, result): “6 percent which can be compared as equivalent to the average e-mail questionnaire response rate of 33 percent found in recent research studies (Shih and Fan, 2009).”