COMPETITION BETWEEN NETWORK CARRIERS AND LOW-COST CARRIERS - RETREAT BATTLE OR BREAKTHROUGH TO A NEW LEVEL OF EFFICIENCY?

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An Analysis of European Low-Cost Airlines and their Networks (2006, background): “) of cost-efficient aircrafts (typically B737, more recently A319) (Franke, 2004), increasing the number of seats on the aircraft, and an optimisation of the number of seats according to the necessary crew.”
Assessment of New Hub‐and‐Spoke and Point‐to‐Point Airline Network Configurations (2007, background): “The LCCs benefited from lower operational costs thanks to a simplified business model which is characterized by a different network configuration (Franke, 2004).”
Pricing strategies of low-cost airlines: The Ryanair case study (2009, background): “Many studies have analysed low-cost businesses, highlighting the keys to lower costs (Alamdari and Fagan, 2005; Doganis, 2006; Franke, 2004), and the role played by entreprership (Cassia et al., 2006).”
Air Transport Liberalization and Its Impacts on Airline Competition and Air Passenger Traffic (2009, background): “The studies reviewed by Morrison (2001) are as the follows: Exhibit 5-1, Comparison of the Southwest Effects Source: Morrison (2001) Franke (2004) suggested that Europe has a similar ―Ryanair effect,‖ whereas Zhang, et al. (2009) suggested that the ―Southwest effect‖ might also exist in Asia.”