Perceptions of and Preferences for Skin Color, Black Racial Identity, and Self‐Esteem Among African Americans

By S. Coard, Alfiee M. Breland, Patricia M. Raskin. 2001

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Teaching and Learning Color Consciousness in Black Families: Exploring Family Processes and Women’s Experiences With Colorism (2011, background): “For example, Coard, Breland, and Raskin (2001) have pointed out the importance of “family ideals” with respect to self-perception and self-esteem about skin color.”
Gendered Racial Identity of Black Young Women (2011, result): “Issues of colorism, skin tone, and hair, have long been a feature of concern for African American women and girls ( Coard et al. 2001 ), and was similarly reported as problematic by the girls and young women in this study.”
Critical Issues in the Measurement of Ethnic and Racial Identity: A Referendum on the State of the Field (2007, background): “, immersion–emersion and internalization) were not related to self-acceptance (Parham & Helms, 1985); preencounter and internalization attitudes were positively related to paranoia (Carter, 1991); and lighter skin color preference was positively related to immersion–emersion attitudes (Coard et al.,”