Infants' Bimodal Perception of Gender

By A. Walker-Andrews, Lorraine E. Bahrick, Stacy S. Raglioni, I. Díaz. 1991

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Citations in the corpus

Gender stereotyping in infancy: Visual preferences for and knowledge of gender-stereotyped toys in the second year (2001, background): “…have shown that sometime during the second half of the rst year, infants ‘‘match’’ voices and faces according to gender, as expressed by their longer looking time at the face that corresponds to the gender of the voice they are hearing (Poulin-Dubois et al., 1994; Walker-Andrews et al., 1991).”
Cognitive theories of early gender development. (2002, background): “Miller, 1983) Habituate with one category of faces (Younger & Fearing, 1999) Use hairstyle to discriminate faces by sex; boys only (Pakizegi, 1984) Intermodal associations for dynamic displays of the sexes (Walker-Andrews et al., 1991)”
Infants' ability to match dynamic phonetic and gender information in the face and voice. (2002, background): “It is worth noting that, in their study of gender matching, Walker-Andrews et al. (1991) asked models to recite a nursery rhyme.”
Intersensory Perception at Birth: Newborns Match Nonhuman Primate Faces and Voices. (2010, unknown): “Werker, 2002; Walker-Andrews, Bahrick, Raglioni, & Diaz, 1991; Walker-Andrews & Gibson,”
The development of infant learning about specific face-voice relations. (2005, methodology): “It may be that once the 6-month-olds detected the face–voice relations in the first block, they became less interested in the task by the second block of trials (see Bahrick et al., 1996, 1998; Walker-Andrews et al., 1991, for similar results across trial blocks).”
Infant Categorization of Faces: Ladies First. (2005, unknown): “…the Wrst two studies suggest that infants can match the faces and voices of both sexes between 6 and 8 months of age (Patterson & Werker, 2002; Walker-Andrews et al., 1991), the second two studies suggest that infants can match only female faces and voices around 9 months of age, but cannot…”
Perception of the multisensory coherence of fluent audiovisual speech in infancy: its emergence and the role of experience. (2015, background): “Finally, infants younger than 6 months do not perceive the equivalence of auditory and visual gender attributes in the absence of synchrony cues, whereas 6-monthold infants do (Walker-Andrews et al., 1991).”
The decline of cross-species intersensory perception in human infants: underlying mechanisms and its developmental persistence. (2008, background): “…of age can match audible and visible phonetic information but that only 8-month-old infants can perform intersensory gender matching (Kuhl andMeltzoff, 1982, 1984; Patterson andWerker, 1999, 2002, 2003; Poulin-Dubois et al., 1994; Walker-Andrews, 1986; Walker-Andrews et al., 1991; Walker, 1982).”
PRIMIR: A Developmental Framework of Infant Speech Processing (2005, background): “Similarly, although numerous studies were reviewed showing that infants are sensitive to gender information in the voice (see also Walker-Andrews et al., 1991), it was also shown that there are conditions under which gender information is ignored in favour of phonetic information when categorizing…”
Perception of Multisensory Gender Coherence in 6- and 9-month-old Infants (2015, unknown): “At first blush, it might seem that our findings are inconsistent with the Walker-Andrews et al. (1991) result that matching of the auditory and visual attributes of gender occurs as early as 6 months of age.”
Intersensory redundancy guides attentional selectivity and perceptual learning in infancy. (2000, background): “By 5-7 months, infants can also match faces and voices on the basis of the age and gender of the speaker as well as the speaker's affective expression (Bahrick, Netto, & Hernandez-Reif, 1998; Walker-Andrews, 1982; Walker-Andrews, Bahrick, Raglioni, & Diaz, 1991 ).”