Rapamycin Promotes Expansion of Functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells of Both Healthy Subjects and Type 1 Diabetic Patients1

By M. Battaglia, A. Stabilini, B. Migliavacca, J. Horejs-Hoeck, T. Kaupper, M. Roncarolo. Journal of Immunology, 2006

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Interleukin-2 Receptor Signaling: At the Interface between Tolerance and Immunity (2010, positive): “Thus, the use of rapamycin to inhibit the proliferation of contaminating conventional effector cells facilitates the growth of nTreg and iTreg cells in vitro (Battaglia et al., 2006; Kang et al., 2008; Long and Buckner, 2008).”
Development and maintenance of regulatory T cells. (2013, background): “…be induced in Tconv cells by a variety of molecules, such as TGF-b, retinoic acids, rapamycin, and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 (Battaglia et al., 2006; Hill et al., 2008; Mucida et al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2009a), and that several signaling pathways, including those of NFAT,…”
PD-L1 regulates the development, maintenance, and function of induced regulatory T cells (2009, background): “In particular, Akt signaling is essential for naive T cell activation and proliferation but dispensible for T reg cell development and function (Battaglia et al., 2006; Coenen et al., 2007; Gao et al., 2007; Qu et al., 2007; Strauss et al., 2007; Haxhinasto et al., 2008; Sauer et al., 2008).”
Treatment with sirolimus results in complete responses in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (2009, background): “Sirolimus has been shown to increase Tregs in healthy volunteers and patients with other autoimmune diseases (Battaglia et al, 2006).”