Interleukin-2 Receptor Signaling: At the Interface between Tolerance and Immunity

By T. Malek, I. Castro. Immunity, 2010

811 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling regulates tolerance and immunity. Here, we review recent work concerning the structure, signaling, and function of the IL-2R, emphasizing the contribution of IL-2 for T cell-dependent activity in vivo. IL-2R signaling influences two discrete aspects of immune responses by CD8+ T cells, terminal differentiation of effector cells in primary responses, and aspects of memory recall responses. IL-2 also delivers essential signals for thymic development of regulatory T (Treg) cells and later to promote their homeostasis and function. Each of these outcomes on T effector and Treg cells requires distinct amounts of IL-2R signaling, with low IL-2R signaling sufficient for many key aspects of Treg cells. Thus, tolerance is readily maintained and favored with limited IL-2.

Subfields: Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f7519ee8985760ad8bbef7916e99b3163cd3845

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Citations in the corpus

• Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function (2017, background): “IL-2 is known to induce proliferation and development of effector functions in T cells, inducing anti-apoptotic and cell-cycle related genes as well as certain cytokines and lineage decisive factors [189].”
• CD8+ T Cells: Foot Soldiers of the Immune System (2011, positive): “It is predominately produced by activated CD4 + T cells and at lower amounts by activated CD8 + T cells (Malek and Castro, 2010).”
• Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockers for treatment of cancer (2019, background): “Interestingly, activation of TCR via CD28 or activation of downstream mediators of PI3K/Akt pathway such as STAT5 by cytokines including IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 was shown to blunt the extent of PD-1 mediated inhibition [47, 48].”
• IL-2 Family Cytokines: New Insights into the Complex Roles of IL-2 as a Broad Regulator of T helper Cell Differentiation (2011, background): “cells (Treg cells) to eliminate autoreactive T cells and promote self-tolerance [23], whereas IL-2 also promotes the differentiation of CD8 T cells into effector and memory cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) upon antigen stimulation [24 ,25 ,26].”