Grade inflation and school competition: an empirical analysis based on the Swedish upper secondary schools

By Christina Wikström, Magnus Wikström. 2005

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Discrepancies between school grades and test scores at individual and school level: effects of gender and family background (2008, background): “…may be related to the type of school (e.g., independent or public schools), and school culture may play a part in determining the extent to which teachers take achievement and non-achievement into account when grading students (Agnew, 1985; Cizek et al., 1995; Wikström & Wikström, 2005).”
Educational marketization the Swedish way (2013, background): “The focus on competition and ranking is contributing to grade inflation and an emphasis on easily measurable teaching content (Wikström and Wikström 2005, Vlachos 2011).”
Are boys discriminated in Swedish high schools (2011, background): “In Sweden a system of competition between high schools for students was relatively recently implemented, and concerns have been raised about grade inflation due to this system (Wikström & Wikström, 2005).”
The Impact of School Choice on Pupil Achievement, Segregation and Costs: Swedish Evidence (2007, unknown): “First, increases in the private school share in grades 1-9 will to a large extent reflect that private 31 Wikström & Wikström (2005) compare scores given by high school teachers with scores from the standardized university entrance examination (SweSAT) and find evidence that private schools inflate…”