Homeostatic expansion of T cells during immune insufficiency generates autoimmunity.

By C. King, A. Ilic, K. Koelsch, N. Sarvetnick. Cell, 2004

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Physiological mechanisms mediating costs of immune responses: what can we learn from studies of birds? (2012, background): “…period) or other stressors can cause cell and muscle damage (including T-cell depletion) increasing the self-antigen repertoire (Munck et al. 1984; Munck & Náray-Fejes-Tóth 1995; King et al. 2004), with a concomitant increased risk of hyperstimulation of the immune defence (Råberg et al. 1998).”
The biological functions of T helper 17 cell effector cytokines in inflammation. (2008, neutral): “NOD mice have increased expression of IL-21, and it has been suggested that this promotes the homeostatic proliferation of an autoreactive CD8 + T cell population (King et al., 2004).”
Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity (2005, background): “and is implicated in causing autoimmunity in the NOD mous”
Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity (2005, background): “Type 1 diabetes in NON-OBESE DIABETIC MICE is associated with increased expression of IL-21, which is encoded in the insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility 3 ( Idd3 ) locu”
Regulation of Insulin Synthesis and Secretion and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes (2012, positive): “The decreased number of T lymphocyte drives T lymphocyte homeostatic expansion [365].”