Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria.

By Eliot R. Smith, Charles R. Seger, D. Mackie. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007

684 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20647114eeb11a6513c1d51355e3d57aba40df18

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Citations in the corpus

The MAD Model of Moral Contagion: The Role of Motivation, Attention, and Design in the Spread of Moralized Content Online (2019, background): “Relatedly, group-level anger increases verbal and physical confrontation with out-groups (Iyer, Schmader, & Lickel, 2007; Mackie, Devos, & Smith, 2000; E. R. Smith et al., 2007).”
Why Do People Regulate Their Emotions? A Taxonomy of Motives in Emotion Regulation (2016, background): “Just as congruent emotions among two partners can promote a more successful dyadic interaction, there is evidence that congruent emotions among group members (i.e., emotion convergence; E. R. Smith et al., 2007) promote more effective political actions (see also Thomas, McGarty, & Mavor, 2009).”
Intergroup emotions and intergroup relations. (2008, background): “Because intergroup emotions are group-level, so too the behaviors they motivate often are as well (Smith et al., 2007).”
Feeling like a state: social emotion and identity (2014, background): “Group emotion is often stronger than individual emotion Group-level emotion can be more powerful than the individual experience of emotion because one experiences it as objectively true and externally driven, rather than as subjective and individually constructed (Smith et al. 2007).”
The Role of Empathy and Compassion in Conflict Resolution (2019, background): “The more an individual identifies with a group, the stronger group-based emotions are experienced, even if the emotion-eliciting event does not occur to the individual directly (E. R. Smith et al., 2007).”
Emotion and the Law (2012, background): “In a salutary trend, increasing empirical research is under way on group-level emotion, intergroup emotion, and emotional contagion (Barsade 2002; Parkinson et al. 2005, pp. 87–143; Goleman 2006, pp. 13–26; Smith et al. 2007).”
Dynamics of Group-Based Emotions: Insights From Intergroup Emotions Theory (2015, background): “(c) Group-based emotions are functional in regulating group-relevant behavior (behaviors toward the ingroup, such as affiliation with other ingroup members, or toward the outgroup, such as discrimination; Branscombe & Doosje, 2004; Smith et al., 2007).”