Cytotoxicity of thermosensitive polymers poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) and amphiphilically modified poly(N-vinylcaprolactam).

By Henna Vihola, A. Laukkanen, Lauri Valtola, H. Tenhu, J. Hirvonen. Biomaterials, 2005

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Cross-linking in Hydrogels - A Review (2014, background): “Nonbiodegradable synthetic hydrogels can be prepared from the copolymerization of various vinylated monomers or macromers [52–60], such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AAc), N-isopropylacrylam ide (NIPAm), and methoxyl poly ”
Thermoresponsive Polymers for Biomedical Applications (2011, background): “Other polymers with thermoresponsive properties include poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) with an LCST over the range of 25 to 32 °C, poly(N-vinlycaprolactam) (PVCL) [7] [8] [16] with an LCST between 25 and 35 °C, poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] w”
Design properties of hydrogel tissue-engineering scaffolds (2011, methodology): “Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) has been investigated extensively as a thermosensitive polymer, which can form thermosensitive hydrogels from free radical copolymerizing of NIPAm with crosslinkers like MBA [73,74].”
A Brief Review of Stimulus-active Polymers Responsive to Thermal, Light, Magnetic, Electric, and Water/Solvent Stimuli (2010, background): “Recently, it was tested that PNIPAAm had moderate cytotoxicity (Vihola et al., 2005).”