Probiotic feed additives - effectiveness and expected modes of action
By O. Simon, A. Jadamus, W. Vahjen. 2001
179 citations recorded by the source corpus.
In animal nutrition, probiotics are viable microorganisms used as a feed supplement, which lead to beneficial effects for the host animal. For most species a trend towards improved performance has been reported due to the use of probiotics, but statistically significant improvements of weight gain and of feed conversion are rare, mainly because of variations in the individual reactions of the ani mals. However, reductions of the incidence of diarrhoea were significant in most studies with piglets and calves. In contrast to human nutrition, where Lactobacillus species are common probiotic pro ducts, in animal nutrition Enterococcus spp., Saccharomyces yeast, and spore-forming Bacillus spp. are most frequently used as probiotic microorganisms. Furthermore, in human nutrition long-term effects for lasting health promotion and longevity are sought, but the aims of probiotic supplementa tion in modern animal production are fast effects such as improvement of weight gain and feed conversion. Thus, results from probiotic research in the field of human nutrition are not completely valid for animal nutrition. Although 19 probiotic preparations have received temporary approval in the European Union, their modes of action, which lead to beneficial effects, are only partly known. It is very probable that the impact of probiotics on pathogenic and nonpathogenic intestinal bacteria is of prime importance. However, modifications of microstructures and barrier functions of intestinal tissues as well as reac tions of the immune system seem to be involved in the overall effect, directly or as a consequence of modified bacterial populations. In order to specifically improve probiotics and their application in defined indications, more research is needed to determine their underlying mechanisms.
Subfields: Food Science, Nutrition and Dietetics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e5079536bfbf0fa82b1ae23d62c30539e1e5525
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In Food Science
In Nutrition and Dietetics
Citations in the corpus
- Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. (2003, background): “Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species have been used most extensively in humans, whereas species of Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Saccharomyces yeast have been the most common organisms used in livestock (Simon et al., 2001).”
- Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review (2017, background): “A variety of bacteria ( Bacillus, Bi fi dobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus , and Lactococcus spp.) and in some cases yeast ( Saccharomyces spp.) have been tested as probiotics in poultry (Simon et al. , 2001; Patterson and Burkholder, 2003; Griggs and Jacob, 2005; Kabir, 2009).”
- Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics (2009, background): “The possible modes of action of probiotics were extensively reviewed (Jin et al., 1997; Simon et al., 2001; Ghadban, 2002; Edens, 2003).”
- Applications of Probiotics in Poultry: Enhancing Immunity and Beneficial Effects on Production Performances and Health - A Review (2011, background): “Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species have been used most extensively in humans where as Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Saccharomyces have been the most commonly used organisms in livestock (Simon et al., 2001).”