Rethinking the Development of “Nonbasic” Emotions: A Critical Review of Existing Theories☆

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First things first: infants make good use of the sympathetic rhythm of imitation, without reason or language (2005, background): “We agree with Draghi-Lorenz et al. (2001) that these are primary, intuitive emotions that have important social power.”
Taking stock of the developmental literature on shame (2005, background): “There is consensus that shame gradually evolves into a more complex form as a child develops, although there continues to be some debate about the level of awareness or understanding required by these prerequisites (Barrett, 1998a; Draghi-Lorenz et al., 2001).”
Adolescent Emotional Development and the Emergence of Depressive Disorders: Shame, self-criticism, and self-compassion in adolescence (2008, background): “This aversive experience may act as a precursor of shame (Draghi-Lorenz et al. 2001; Trevarthen & Aitken 2001).”
Infants in Groups: A Paradigm for the Study of Early Social Experience (2003, background): “Draghi-Lorenz et al. [2001] point out that, while there is little evidence bearing on the presence of nonbasic emotions in the first year of life, what data there are suggest that even young babies may be capable of such emotions.”