Variation in Institutional Strength

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Informal Entrepreneurship in Developing Economies: The Impacts of Starting up Unregistered on firm Performance (2017, background): “…formal institutions to accommodate new domains of activity and fourth, there is formal institutional weakness and instability, manifested in a lack of capacity to enforce policies (Webb et al., 2009) and continuous changes in laws and regulations (Levitsky & Murillo, 2009; Williams & Vorley, 2015).”
When Do Institutions “Bite”? Historical Institutionalism and the Politics of Institutional Change (2016, background): “…formal institutions (e.g., Onoma, 2010), the theories in question typically focus on developed democracies and assume that power-holders have sufficient capacity to enforce formal rules (see, most explicitly, Hacker et al., 2015, p. 183, fn. 2; see also Levitsky & Murillo, 2009, pp. 127-128).”
The Resilient Family Firm: Stakeholder Outcomes and Institutional Effects (2015, background): “In these latter jurisdictions legal institutions may be weak or go unenforced (Levitsky & Murillo, 2009).”