On the Form of Forgetting

By John T. Wixted, E. Ebbesen. 1991

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Citations in the corpus

Continual Reinforcement Learning with Multi-Timescale Replay (2020, background): “• The MTR buffer also draws inspiration from psychological evidence that the function relating the strength of a memory to its age follows a power law [Wixted and Ebbesen, 1991]; forgetting tends to be fast soon after the memory is acquired, and then it proceeds slowly with a long tail.”
Tutorial on maximum likelihood estimation (2003, methodology): “To illustrate the method, I chose forgetting data given the recent surge of interest in this topic (e.g. Rubin & Wenzel, 1996; Wickens, 1998; Wixted & Ebbesen, 1991).”
Replication and Analysis of Ebbinghaus’ Forgetting Curve (2015, methodology): “This is why he fitted the data to two different functions (a power function, 1880, and a logarithmic function, 1885), as have many theorists since (e.g., [1,2 – 4]).”
Mobile instant messaging support for teaching and learning in higher education (2016, background): “Furthermore, the Ebbinghaus savings function informs us that the course of forgetting can best be described by a power curve of time (Wixted & Ebbesen, 1991; Wixted & Carpenter, 2007).”
Cascade models of synaptically stored memories. (2005, background): “…the types 1970; Standing, 1973; Simons, 1996), but forgetting of dynamic biochemical cascades that are ubiquitous does occur and appears to follow power-law rather in biological systems and, in particular, are associated than exponential dynamics (Wixted and Ebbesen, 1991, with synaptic plasticity.”
Beyond Word Frequency: Bursts, Lulls, and Scaling in the Temporal Distributions of Words (2009, background): “[39] Wixted J, Ebbeson EB (1991) On the form of forgetting.”
Learning-By-Doing, Organizational Forgetting, and Industry Dynamics (2007, unknown): “evidence on forgetting by individuals ( Wixted & Ebbesen 1991 ).”
The power law repealed: The case for an exponential law of practice (2000, background): “Most analyses of long-term memory data favour a power function (Wixted & Ebbesen, 1991) or a Weibull function (Rubin & Wenzel, 1996), both of which have decreasing hazard rates.”
The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting. (2004, background): “…are logarithmic in form, whereas Wickelgren (1974) argued that forgetting functions were better described by a power law, such as R(t) = at−b. Wixted & Ebbesen (1991, 1997) showed that a variety of empirical forgetting functions are accurately characterized by both the power and logarithmic…”
Flipped Statistics Class Results: Better Performance Than Lecture Over One Year Later (2014, background): “Students were provided with the answers for the homework assignments but needed to show their work to receive credit.”
A temporal ratio model of memory. (2007, background): “…or less closely follow a power law, as has been suggested by a number of researchers (see, e.g., Anderson & Schooler, 1991; Rubin & Wenzel, 1996; Wixted & Ebbesen, 1991, 1997), forgetting may be seen as scale independent.1 Many researchers have, however, claimed that forgetting curves are not…”
PassPoints: Design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system (2005, background): “The Power Law of Forgetting describes rapid forgetting soon after learning, followed by very slow drop-off thereafter (Bahrick, 1984; Wixted and Ebbesen, 1991).”
Note on the power law of forgetting (2017, background): “Wixted and colleagues (Wixted, 1990; Wixted & Ebbesen, 1991, 1997) have demonstrated that the form of forgetting, across various materials and memory tests, is characterized mathematically by a power function.”
Computational principles of synaptic memory consolidation (2016, methodology): “For these reasons, sparse representations are unlikely to be the sole solution to the memory problem.”