Descending modulation of pain.

By G. Gebhart. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2004

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Models and mechanisms of hyperalgesia and allodynia. (2009, background): “Brain nuclei consist of the following: 10) rostral ventromedial medulla (411, 458, 533, 534, 540); 11) nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis (151, 347, 541, 569); 12) thalamic nuclei, ventrobasal complex (446, 622); 13) anterior cingulate cortex (29, 114, 262, 431); and 14) ventrolateral orbital area”
The influence of negative emotions on pain: Behavioral effects and neural mechanisms (2009, neutral): “This is supported by a wealth of animal studies showing that sustained activation in facilitatory descending pathways may underlie some states of chronic pain (Gebhart, 2004; Porreca et al., 2002; Suzuki et al., 2004).”
The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation. (2007, background): “There are descending pathways that facilitate pain transmission, however, and it is thought that sustained activation of these circuits may underlie some states of chronic pain (see later; Gebhart, 2004; Porreca et al., 2002; Suzuki et al., 2004).”
Widespread pain in fibromyalgia is related to a deficit of endogenous pain inhibition (2005, background): “Mechanisms that contribute to maintain this state appear to work at the level of the spinal cord and of the rostral ventral medulla (Gebhart, 2004).”