Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain.

By Geoff Macdonald, Mark R. Leary. Psychological bulletin, 2005

1,614 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Genetics, Health, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e711c40ec38b531215de3ed80a26fe08eb7d0f6

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Citations in the corpus

Workplace isolation: salespeople and supervisors in USA (2011, background): “In fact, social pain theory suggests that one's fear of being separated from groups they consider important goes back to the days of the earliest mammals (MacDonald and Leary 2005 ).”
Renovating the Pyramid of Needs: Contemporary Extensions Built Upon Ancient Foundations (2010, positive): “Adults, even attractive and well-connected college students, remain exquisitely sensitive to social acceptance and social rejection, and they experience the latter using some of the same physiological mechanisms used to register pain (MacDonald & Leary, 2005).”
Bullying and victimisation in school children: the role of social identity, problem-solving style, and family and school context (2009, background): “There is a growing literature on ostracism and social exclusion (Williams 2007; McDonald and Leary 2005) which demonstrates the prevalence and damaging consequences for individuals who are outcast by desirable groups.”
History of Social Psychology: Insights, Challenges, and Contributions to Theory and Application (2010, background): “…carrying out murderous rampages against their classmates, have prompted researchers to begin exploring the effects of social isolation and exclusion, which have now been linked to aggression (Twenge, Baumeister, Tice, & Stucke, 2001) and which some liken to physical pain (MacDonald & Leary, 2005).”
Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: theory and evidence. (2011, methodology): “In some investigations, researchers have used a coding system based on the Main, Goldwyn, and Hesse (2008) classification system (i.”
The consequences of pain: The social and physical pain overlap on psychological responses (2011, background): “The physiological overlap underlying physical and social pain was initially proposed by Panksepp (1998). Panksepp found that, besides reducing the experience of pain, the administration of an opiate also reduced crying behavior in animals that were socially isolated (Panksepp, Herman, Conner, Bishop”
Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. (2005, background): “…that the social environment can modulate the affective intensity of pain (e.g., Brown, Sheffield, Leary, & Robinson, 2003; Leary & Springer, 2000; MacDonald & Leary, 2005), which is concordant with the fact that social isolation can increase behavioral indices of physical pain in animals (e.g.,…”
Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the "porcupine problem". (2007, background): “Indeed, recent evidence suggests that social exclusion precipitates a psychological state that resembles physical pain (Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003; MacDonald & Leary, 2005 ).”
Reactions to Discrimination, Stigmatization, Ostracism, and Other Forms of Interpersonal Rejection (2009, positive): “Although a variety of negative emotions may occur when people are rejected (e.g., sadness, loneliness, hurt, anger, jealousy), the predominant rejection-related emotion appears to be “hurt feelings” (Leary & Springer, 2000; MacDonald, in press; MacDonald & Leary, 2005).”
Chronic social exclusion and evidence for the resignation stage (2017, positive): “Secondly, considering current theories on pain overlap (Eisenberger & Lieberman, 2004; MacDonald & Leary, 2005), we tested the possibility that experiences of chronic social exclusion and physical pain induce common psychological responses (i.e., negative emotions and resignation stage outcomes).”
Blind forces (2014, background): “When individuals fail to meet these standards, they experience a threat to their identity (Leary & Baumeister, 2000) as well as attendant cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957) and social pain (MacDonald & Leary, 2005).”
The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. (2008, background): “…magnetic resonance imaging, the same brain structures activated during physical pain were activated after the individual experienced social rejection; this finding suggests that ostracism causes a sense of “social pain” (N. I. Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003; MacDonald & Leary, 2005).”
Broken Hearts and Broken Bones (2012, background): “Individuals across the globe, using languages as diverse as Armenian and Mandarin (MacDonald & Leary, 2005), use physical-pain words to describe experiences of “social pain”—the painful feelings associated with the threat to or loss of social connection (from rejection, exclusion, death of a loved o”
Interpersonal Rejection as a Determinant of Anger and Aggression (2006, background): “As we have seen, rejection is experienced as painful (and may even utilize neural pathways involved in aspects of physical pain; MacDonald & Leary, 2005), so that people who are rejected may restore equity by distributing the pain.”