Reduced Paneth cell α-defensins in ileal Crohn's disease

By J. Wehkamp, Nita H. Salzman, E. Porter, S. Nuding, M. Weichenthal, R. Petras, B. Shen, E. Schaeffeler, M. Schwab, R. Linzmeier and 7 more. 2005

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Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Cause or Consequence? IBD Treatment Targeting the Gut Microbiome (2019, background): “In a human study, patients with CD showed lower expression of the Paneth cell defensin proteins HD5 and HD6, and a reduction in antimicrobial activity [180].”
NOD1 and NOD2: signaling, host defense, and inflammatory disease. (2014, background): “Furthermore, patients with ileal CD have impaired secretion of Paneth-cell-derived a-defensins, a defect that can arise from mutations in NOD2 or autophagy genes (Cadwell et al., 2008; Wehkamp et al., 2004; Wehkamp et al., 2005).”
Innate and adaptive immunity in inflammatory bowel disease. (2014, background): “In addition, patients with ileal CD present decreased expression of the Paneth cell-derived α-defensins (HD5 and HD6) [16].”
Mechanisms of Disease: pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (2006, result): “These results are consistent with the decrease in α-defensin production seen in Crohn's disease patients, particularly those with CARD15 mutations”
Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial interface (2008, background): “Enhanced mucosal expression of Reg lectin family members is frequently observed in IBD patients (30).”