NOD1 and NOD2: signaling, host defense, and inflammatory disease.

By R. Caruso, N. Warner, N. Inohara, G. Núñez. Immunity, 2014

750 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and NOD2, the founding members of the intracellular NOD-like receptor family, sense conserved motifs in bacterial peptidoglycan and induce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Here, we discuss recent developments about the mechanisms by which NOD1 and NOD2 are activated by bacterial ligands, the regulation of their signaling pathways, and their role in host defense and inflammatory disease. Several routes for the entry of peptidoglycan ligands to the host cytosol to trigger activation of NOD1 and NOD2 have been elucidated. Furthermore, genetic screens and biochemical analyses have revealed mechanisms that regulate NOD1 and NOD2 signaling. Finally, recent studies have suggested several mechanisms to account for the link between NOD2 variants and susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Further understanding of NOD1 and NOD2 should provide new insight into the pathogenesis of disease and the development of new strategies to treat inflammatory and infectious disorders.

Subfields: Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/de359e209d6ae0753b107826ab3a19bca8f4cdd9

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Immunology

1. S. Gordon
2. Danyang Li
3. Minghua Wu
4. G. Núñez
5. A. Mantovani
6. R. Medzhitov
7. TA Wynn
8. A. Sica

Citations in the corpus

• Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases (2021, background): “The known mechanism is that NOD2 activates NF-κB, JAK2/STAT3, and MAPK pathways in a RIP2dependent manner, leading to liver inflammation.(351) It is worth noting that activated NOD2 can also act as the initiator of the nuclear autophagy pathway that does not depend on RIP2, thereby promoting the deg”
• Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease (2017, background): “responses in Paneth cells or an altered intraepithelial autophagy (216).”
• Phagocytosis: An Immunobiologic Process. (2016, background): “Crohn’s disease, for example, has a genetic component involving Nod-like receptors and autophagy (Caruso et al., 2014).”