Gold Nanocages: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
By S. Skrabalak, Jingyi Chen, Yugang Sun, Xianmao Lu, L. Au, Laire M. Cobley, Younan Xia. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2008
1,313 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Conspectus Noble-metal nanocages represent a novel class of nanostructures with hollow interiors and porous walls. They are prepared using the remarkably simple galvanic replacement reaction between solutions containing metal precursor salts and Ag nanostructures prepared by polyol reduction. The electrochemical potential difference between the two species drives the reaction, with the reduced metal depositing on the surface of the Ag nanostructure. In our most studied example involving HAuCl4 as the metal precursor, the resultant Au epitaxially deposits on the surface of the Ag nanocubes, adopting their cubic structure. Concurrent with this deposition, the interior Ag is oxidized and removed, together with alloying and dealloying, to produce hollow and eventually porous structures that we commonly refer to as Au nanocages. This approach has proven versatile, with a wide range of morphologies – including nanorings, prism-shaped nanoboxes, nanotubes, and multiple-walled nanoshells or nanotubes – being produced by changing the shape of the initial Ag template. Besides Au-based structures, Pt- and Pd-containing hollow nanostructures have been prepared by switching the metal salt precursors to Na2PtCl4 or Na2PdCl4, respectively. Additionally, we have found it easy to tune both the composition and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the metal nanocages by simply changing the amount of metal precursor added to the suspension of Ag nanocubes. In this way, we are developing these structures for biomedical and catalytic applications. As the Au nanocages are predicted by discrete dipole approximations (DDA) to have large absorption cross-sections and their LSPR can be tuned into the near-infrared where the attenuation of light by blood and soft tissue is greatly reduced, they are attractive for biomedical applications in which the selective absorption of light at great depths is desirable. For example, we have explored their use as contrast enhancement agents for both optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT), with improvements being observed in each case. As the Au nanocages have large absorption cross-sections, they are also effective photothermal transducers, which when targeted to cancer cells could provide a therapeutic effect by selectively killing them by hyperthermia. Our in vitro work illustrates the feasibility of this technique as a less invasive form of cancer treatment.
Subfields: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Materials Chemistry
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd65814cbbc183e5bd97292925fb16b5a3832bfd
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Citations in the corpus
- Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Application for Nanomedicine (2019, methodology): “Using this method, several types of Ag and Au bimetallic core–shell colloids with various shapes have been produced [87].”
- Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far? (2010, neutral): “These properties are of clinical significance and contribute to the popularity of gold nanorods and other anisotropic shapes for biomedical therapeutic/imaging agents (Jain et al. 2008; Lal et al. 2008; Murphy et al. 2008b; Skrabalak et al. 2008).”