Silicon optical modulators
By Graham T. Reed, Goran Z. Mashanovich, Frederic Y. Gardes, D. Thomson. 2010
2,439 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Optical technology is poised to revolutionize short-reach interconnects. The leading candidate technology is silicon photonics, and the workhorse of such an interconnect is the optical modulator. Modulators have been improved dramatically in recent years, with a notable increase in bandwidth from the megahertz to the multigigahertz regime in just over half a decade. However, the demands of optical interconnects are significant, and many questions remain unanswered as to whether silicon can meet the required performance metrics. Minimizing metrics such as the device footprint and energy requirement per bit, while also maximizing bandwidth and modulation depth, is non-trivial. All of this must be achieved within an acceptable thermal tolerance and optical spectral width using CMOS-compatible fabrication processes. This Review discusses the techniques that have been (and will continue to be) used to implement silicon optical modulators, as well as providing an outlook for these devices and the candidate solutions of the future.
Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Chemistry
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f76d00da3a825dcd78c261c5bde2dc13eb9aeb23
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In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- R. Baets
- D. van Thourhout
- Wim Bogaerts
- Dirk Englund
- Anders Søndberg Sørensen
- John E. Bowers
- Michael Hochberg
- Robert H. Hadfield
In Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Wim Bogaerts
- R. Baets
- D. van Thourhout
- Michael Hochberg
- John E. Bowers
- David A. B. Miller
- Dirk Englund
- Gunther Roelkens
In Materials Chemistry
- R. Baets
- Wim Bogaerts
- D. van Thourhout
- Xiang Zhang
- Mikhail D. Lukin
- Juerg Leuthold
- Wolfgang Freude
- David A. B. Miller
Citations in the corpus
- On-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources (2013, background): “The silicon-on-insulator photonics platform (SOI), recently developed for classical applications[10, 11], has several advantages over glass-based systems, including a high component density, a strong χ optical nonlinearity, mature fabrication techniques, fast optical modulators[12], and compatibilit”
- 50-Gb/s Silicon Optical Modulator (2012, background): “This has cost benefits and in turn can result in optoelectronic integrated circuits with a high level of functionality [1].”
- Silicon Quantum Photonics (2015, background): “in the waveguides to change the refractive index [98], offering”