The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men.

By H. Lakka, D. Laaksonen, T. Lakka, L. Niskanen, E. Kumpusalo, J. Tuomilehto, J. Salonen. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2002

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Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2018, background): “Insulin resistance (IR) is the major pathophysiological factor implicated in NAFLD, as well as metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors comprising visceral obesity, blood hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia [13].”
Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. (2008, background): “Metabolic syndrome is associated with a twofold increase in all-cause mortality (50).”
Unique lipoprotein phenotype and genotype associated with exceptional longevity. (2003, positive): “The metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance syndrome, syndrome X, dysmetabolic syndrome X)(10) is a risk factor for many causes of death.(18) We determined the frequency of metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program III guidelines.”
Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among u.s. Adults. (2004, background): “Recent work has shown that people with the metabolic syndrome based on the NCEP/ATP III criteria are at increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (7,8,10,11).”