Metacognitive Experiences and the Intricacies of Setting People Straight: Implications for Debiasing and Public Information Campaigns

By Norbert Schwarz, L. Sanna, I. Skurnik, Carolyn Yoon. 2007

414 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, General Decision Sciences, Philosophy

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f53692eebd2ae72e55d3e7449b2bedac4cf4a27b

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In Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

In General Decision Sciences

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Citations in the corpus

Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news (2019, background): “Furthermore, communications that repeat misinformation to correct it can backfire in the long term, as people forget the details of the corrective to which they were briefly exposed and instead rely on the now-increased familiarity of a false claim when forming opinions (63).”
Deepfakes and Disinformation: Exploring the Impact of Synthetic Political Video on Deception, Uncertainty, and Trust in News (2020, background): “When images and audiovisual content are easier to understand and process than written text this brings into play “metacognitive experience”: the experientially derived feelings-about-our-thinking that shape our responses to tasks such as processing new information (Schwarz et al., 2007).”
Illusions of causality: how they bias our everyday thinking and how they could be reduced (2015, background): “Despite the effort of governments and skeptical organizations to promote a knowledge-based society, the effectiveness of such campaigns has been limited at best (Schwarz et al., 2007; Nyhan and Reifler, 2015).”
Undermining the Corrective Effects of Media‐Based Political Fact Checking? The Role of Contextual Cues and Naïve Theory (2013, background): “Other work has shown that the effects of corrections change over time (Schwarz et al., 2007), but this study does not allow us to say anything about how these effects play out.”
How emotions inform judgment and regulate thought. (2007, background): “often more important in judgment and decision-making than the memory itself [ 53 ].”
The Partisan Brain (2015, background): “Metacognitive refers to the individual’s experience of cognition (not cognition per say), including the emotional reactions that accompany thought generation, with the valence of the emotional reactions being a key factor in determining the perceived value of the presented information (Schwarz et al”
Affect, risk perception and future optimism after the tsunami disaster (2008, background): “Such manipulations may prove to be more effective than traditional means of providing debiasing information (Schwarz et al., 2007).”
When Debunking Scientific Myths Fails (and When It Does Not) (2016, positive): “In line with prior research, we found evidence that the backfire effect is a rather robust and systematic error (Lewandowsky et al., 2012; Nyhan & Reifler, 2010; Schwarz et al., 2007; Skurnik et al., 2005).”
Why the Overwhelming Evidence on Partner Physical Violence by Women Has Not Been Perceived and Is Often Denied (2009, background): “Experiments by Schwarz, Sanna, Skurnik, and Yoon (2007 ) and others have found that denials and clarifications of false information, although necessary, can paradoxically contribute to the resiliency of popular myths.”
Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation (2017, background): “Corrections that merely encourage people to consider the opposite of initial information often inadvertently strengthen the misinformation (Schwarz et al., 2007).”
Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Fake News: How Social Media Conditions Individuals to Be Less Critical of Political Misinformation (2021, background): “…the cognitive processes of individuals; the more one hears a story, the more familiar it becomes and the likelihood that it will be accepted increases with the frequency of repetition (Hasher et al., 1977; Schwarz et al., 2007) – even if it is completely fabricated story (Pennycook et al., 2018).”