Small RNAs and Their Roles in Plant Development

By Xuemei Chen. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 2009

922 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Small RNAs of 20–30 nucleotides guide regulatory processes at the DNA or RNA level in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms. Many, although not all, small RNAs are processed from double-stranded RNAs or single-stranded RNAs with local hairpin structures by RNase III enzymes and are loaded into argonaute-protein-containing effector complexes. Many eukaryotic organisms have evolved multiple members of RNase III and the argonaute family of proteins to accommodate different classes of small RNAs with specialized molecular functions. Some small RNAs cause transcriptional gene silencing by guiding heterochromatin formation at homologous loci, whereas others lead to posttranscriptional gene silencing through mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. Small RNAs are not only made from and target foreign nucleic acids such as viruses and transgenes, but are also derived from endogenous loci and regulate a multitude of developmental and physiological processes. Here I review the biogenesis and function of three major classes of endogenous small RNAs in plants: microRNAs, transacting siRNAs, and heterochromatic siRNAs, with an emphasis on the roles of these small RNAs in developmental regulation.

Subfields: Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3c538e5a1ed4a579ca1e9f7e5cff5914186d144

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In Plant Science

1. Basel Khraiwesh
2. Jian‐Kang Zhu
3. Rui Xia
4. Jing Xu
5. Blake C Meyers
6. Shou-Wei Ding
7. A. Pasquinelli
8. M. Siomi

Citations in the corpus

• Role of miRNAs and siRNAs in biotic and abiotic stress responses of plants (2011, positive): “For example, miR156, miR159/319, miR160, miR166, and miR169 target SBPs, MYBs/TCPs, ARFs, HD-ZIPs, and the NFY subunit, respectively, but miR168, miR393, miR395, and miR398 target mRNAs encoding AGO1, TIR1, ATS/APS, and CSD1/2, respectively [9, 21].”
• The emergence , evolution , and diversification of the miR 390-TAS 3-ARF pathway in land plants (2016, positive): “resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and reproduction (Chen 2009; Axtell 2013; Bartel 2009).”
• Posttranscriptional regulation of microRNA biogenesis in animals. (2010, background): “Interestingly, the plant homolog of ARS2, SERRATE (SE), is an essential factor in miRNA biogenesis that interacts with the nuclear CBC and RNase III enzyme Dicer-like 1 (DCL1), the main miRNA-processing enzyme in plants (Chen, 2009).”
• RNA-based antiviral immunity (2010, background): “siRNAs and miRNAs are 21–24 nucleotides in length and are products of Dice”
• MicroRNAs and their targets: recognition, regulation and an emerging reciprocal relationship (2012, background): “Plant miRNAs may either form near-perfect duplexes with their targets, enabling endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRN”