Psychological Testing of American Minorities: Issues and Consequences

By R. Samuda. 1975

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50 Years of Test (Un)fairness: Lessons for Machine Learning (2018, background): “ties” [66]. The NAACP followed up on this in 1974 by adopting a resolution that demanded “a moratorium on standardized testing wherever such tests have not been corrected for cultural bias” (cited by [56]). Meanwhile, advocates of testing worried that alternatives to testing such as interviews would”
Bias in Psychological Assessment: An Empirical Review and Recommendations (2003, background): “In addition, public pressure has pushed the scientific community to refine its definitions of bias, scrutinize the practices used to minimize bias in tests, and develop increasingly sophisticated statistical techniques to detect bias (Reynolds, Lowe et al., 1999; Samuda, 1975).”
The Role of Racial Identity, Academic Self-Concept, and Self-Esteem in the Prediction of Academic Outcomes for African American Students (2007, background): “Ironically, the use of standardized test scores in college admission was originally designed to increase opportunities for individuals from the working and middle classes, because higher education was previously reserved for the upper classes (Samuda, 1998).”