Apoptosis, autophagy, and more.

By R. Lockshin, Z. Zakeri. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2004

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Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict? (2005, result): “These data are consistent with the theory previously proposed by Lockshin and Zakeri that cells preferentially die by apoptosis but will die by any alternative available route, including autophagy, if exposed to harsh enough stimuli (9).”
Autophagy gene-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells during embryonic development. (2007, background): “…in other developmental settings where apoptosis and autophagy are known to be active simultaneously, such as salivary gland regression in Drosophila (Baehrecke, 2003), as well as during developmental events characterized primarily by ‘‘autophagic PCD’’ (Clarke, 1990; Lockshin and Zakeri, 2004).”
Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. (2005, background): “Paradoxically, autophagy may also represent a form of nonapoptotic cell death, which has been implicated in the demise of a variety of cell types during development, tissue homeostasis, and in response to toxic stimuli (Lockshin and Zakeri, 2004).”
Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Necrosis: Mechanistic Description of Dead and Dying Eukaryotic Cells (2005, background): “Recent evidence suggests that multiple pathways may be activated in single dying cells and cross talk between cell death programs may allow fine control over the ultimate outcome (67, 77).”